Glucose transport and sensing in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and metabolic harmony

Herman, Mark A.; Kahn, Barbara B.

doi:10.1172/jci29027

Cited by 303 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…This process, defined as blood glucose homeostasis involves a complex communication between different tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, brain and the endocrine pancreas (Herman & Kahn, 2006;Rosen & Spiegelman, 2006;Fritsche et al, 2008). During the fasting state, insulin remains at low levels because plasma glucose concentration is low.…”

Section: The Role Of the Endocrine Pancreas In Blood Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pancreatic β-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: Implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes

Nadal

Alonso-Magdalena

Soriano

et al. 2009

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

263

187

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. The pancreatic β-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: Implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Elsevier, 2009, 304 (1-2) Please cite this article as: Nadal, A., Alonso-Magdalena, P., Soriano, S., Quesada, I., Ropero, A.B., The pancreatic ␤-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: Implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (2008), doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. THE PANCREATIC -CELL AS A TARGET OF ESTROGENS AND XENOESTROGENS: IMPLICATIONS FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS AND DIABETESAngel Rosen & Spiegelman, 2006;Fritsche et al., 2008). During the fasting state, insulin remains at low levels because plasma glucose concentration is low. In this situation, the levels of the counter-regulatory hormones, glucagon, adrenaline and corticosteroids are increased to promote hepatic glucose production. In contrast, insulin, the only hormone in the body able to decrease blood glucose levels, is increased during the fed state. Insulin decreases blood glucose by promoting adipocyte and muscle glucose uptake, as well as by preventing the liver from producing glucose by suppressing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Fritsche et al., 2008). neurotransmitters, hormones and nutrients, among which glucose is the most important.Normally, in response to short glucose stimulation, insulin biosynthesis is regulated by the increased translation of the preproinsulin transcript. After a prolonged glucose exposure, however, it is regulated via the insulin gene transcription (Orland et al., 1985;Permutt & Rotwein, 1983;Poitout et al., 2006). Both transcriptional and translational regulation of insulin biosynthesis is essential to maintain the intracellular stores of insulin on a long term basis.The secretory response of -cells depends on their electrical activity. This consists of oscillations of the membrane potential that range from electrically silent periods to depolarised plateaus on which Ca 2+ -action potentials originate (Rorsman et al., 2000).The classical stimulus-secretion coupling that drives insulin release involves the closure of K ATP channels by increasing the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio (Ashcroft et al., 1984) and diadenosine polyphosphates concentration (DPs) (Ripoll et al., 1996) oscillatory pattern is originated (Nadal et al., 1999;Santos et al., 1991;Valdeolmillos et al., 1989), which triggers a pulsatile insulin secretion (Barbosa et al., 1998;Gilon et al., 1993;Dyachok et al., 2008). Estrogens, estrogen receptors and blood glucose homeostasisT...

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Section: The Role Of the Endocrine Pancreas In Blood Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pancreatic β-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: Implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes

Nadal

Alonso-Magdalena

Soriano

et al. 2009

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

263

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In obesity and type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance leads to decreased adipose tissue glucose uptake, which parallels the downregulation of glucose transporter 4 production in adipose tissue [9][10][11][12]. In adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout mice, insulin-stimulated glucose transport, glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue are impaired [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronically increased glucose uptake by adipose tissue leads to lactate production and improved insulin sensitivity rather than obesity in the mouse

et al. 2010

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Aims/hypothesis In adipocytes, triacylglycerol synthesis depends on the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate, which originates either from glucose, through glycolysis, or from lactate, through glyceroneogenesis. However, glucose is traditionally viewed as the main precursor of the glycerol backbone and thus, enhanced glucose uptake would be expected to result in increased triacylglycerol synthesis and contribute to obesity. Methods To further explore this issue, we generated a mouse model with chronically increased glucose uptake in adipose tissue by expressing Gck, which encodes the glucokinase enzyme.Results Here we show that the production of high levels of glucokinase led to increased adipose tissue glucose uptake and lactate production, improved glucose tolerance and higher whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. There was no parallel increase in glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis in vivo, fat accumulation or obesity. Moreover, at high glucose concentrations, in cultured fat cells overproducing glucokinase, glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis from pyruvate decreased, while glyceroneogenesis increased in fat cells overproducing hexokinase II. Conclusions/interpretations These findings indicate that the absence of glucokinase inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate probably led to increased glycolysis and blocked S. Muñoz and S. Franckhauser contributed equally to this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…Esto resultaría en el acumulo de éstos componentes lipídicos en otros órga-nos como los músculos y el hígado. Este acumulo inapropiado afectaría la respuesta metabólica normal de éstos tejidos al uso metabólico de la glucosa producido por la disminución en ellos de los transportadores de tipo GLUT (Herman & Kahn, 2006).…”

Section: Respuesta Del Tejido Adiposo a La Sobrealimentaciónunclassified

El tejido adiposo: algo más que un reservorio de energía

B¹,

Sanhueza²

2009

Grasas y Aceites

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RESUMEN El tejido adiposo: algo más que un reservorio de energíaEl tejido adiposo es un reservorio de grasa y también un órgano que contribuye a la estética y a la salud de las personas, tarea que cumple funcionando como un tejido endocrino. El tejido adiposo blanco, formado por células adiposas uniloculares puede regular la homeostasis orgánica entre el gasto y el consumo de energía. Produce una serie de adipokinas que regulan el consumo de alimentos, la utilización de glucosa y de lípidos por parte del organismo. El tejido adiposo pardo o marrón, estructurado por células multiloculares, contiene numerosas gotas de grasa de pequeño tamaño, las que pueden ser hidrolizadas con mayor facilidad. El tejido participa en la termogénesis adaptativa o facultativa debido a la proteína desacoplante-1 (UCP-1) que inhibe la síntesis de ATP produciendo calor. Con la edad, este tejido se reduce y por ello actualmente se considera que una forma de combatir la obesidad es lograr que el tejido adiposo blanco adquiera característica de pardo. Este trabajo revisa las principales características estructurales y funcionales del tejido adiposo blanco y pardo, con énfasis en sus funciones reguladoras y endocrinas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Adipokinas -Regulación de temperatura -Tejido adiposo blanco -Tejido adiposo pardo. SUMMARY The adipose tissue: something more than a reservoir of energyAdipose tissue is a reservoir of energy and also an organ that contributes to the aesthetics and health of human body working as an endocrine tissue. White adipose tissue, which is formed by unilocular adipose cells, can modify organic homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and consumption and by producing adipokines that regulate food consumption, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic utilization. Brown adipose tissue is structured by multilocular cells containing many small fat drops that can be easily hydrolyzed. This tissue is involved in adaptative or facultative thermogenesis because it contains the uncoupling-1 protein (UCP-1) which by inhibiting ATP synthesis releases heat. The size of brow adipose tissue is reduced with aging and the most recent future strategies to fight obesity may be by transforming white cells into brown adipose tissue. The present work reviews the main structural and functional characteristics of white and brown adipose tissue with emphasis in its endocrine and regulatory function. KEY-WORDS: Adipokines -Brown adipose tissueTemperature regulation -White adipose tissue. INTRODUCCIÓNEs común para muchos de nosotros el que a lo largo de nuestra existencia vaya modificándose el peso corporal, particularmente con la acumulación de tejido adiposo donde antes no lo teníamos, con lo cual se modifica, a veces lamentándolo mucho, nuestra imagen física. Sin embargo, sin menospreciar el efecto poco estético de la acumulación de grasa, esta se torna más grave cuando cobra importancia clínica-patológica impactando muy negativamente nuestra salud. La relación entre el sobrepeso-obesidad y el desarrollo de las enfermedades crónicas no tran...

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Glucose transport and sensing in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and metabolic harmony

Cited by 303 publications

References 94 publications

The pancreatic β-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: Implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes

The pancreatic β-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: Implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes

Chronically increased glucose uptake by adipose tissue leads to lactate production and improved insulin sensitivity rather than obesity in the mouse

El tejido adiposo: algo más que un reservorio de energía

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