Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis,,

Althuis, Michelle D.; Jordan, Nicole E; Ludington, Elizabeth; Wittes, Janet

doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.1.148

Cited by 238 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with a meta-analysis finding no association between chromium and glucose or insulin concentrations among nondiabetic subjects. 40 A 2007 trial using a lower dose of chromium picolinate (200 mg) in nondiabetic women demonstrated no effect on body weight, composition, or iron status. 41 In 1995, a study conducted using 400 mg of chromium picolinate had no effects in reducing body fat percentage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

Yazaki

Faridi

et al. 2010

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Background: Chromium is an essential trace element and nutritional supplement that has garnered interest for use as a weight loss aid. Objective: This trial assesses the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation, alone and combined with nutritional education, on weight loss in apparently healthy overweight adults. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 80 otherwise healthy, overweight adults assessed at baseline for central adiposity measured by computerized tomography. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily ingestion of 1000 mg of chromium picolinate or placebo for 24 weeks. All subjects received passive nutritional education at the 12-week point in both the intervention and control groups. Outcomes include weight, height, blood pressure, percent body fat, serum, and urinary biomarkers. Results: At baseline, both the chromium and placebo groups had similar mean body mass index (BMI) (chromium ¼ 36 AE 6.7 kg=m 2 versus placebo ¼ 36.1 AE 7.6 kg=m 2 ; p ¼ 0.98). After 12 weeks, no change was seen in BMI in the intervention as compared to placebo (chromium ¼ 0.3 AE 0.8 kg=m 2 versus placebo ¼ 0.0 AE 0.4 kg=m 2 ; p ¼ 0.07). No change was seen in BMI after 24 weeks in the intervention as compared to placebo (chromium ¼ 0.1 AE 0.2 kg=m 2 versus placebo ¼ 0.0 AE 0.5 kg=m 2 ; p ¼ 0.81). Variation in central adiposity did not affect any outcome measures. Conclusions: Supplementation of 1000 mg of chromium picolinate alone, and in combination with nutritional education, did not affect weight loss in this population of overweight adults. Response to chromium did not vary with central adiposity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

Yazaki

Faridi

et al. 2010

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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“…Only one of these studies found a difference in glucose uptake or insulin levels during a glucose tolerance test (9). However, Althuis et al (5) state that this study is not applicable to populations in the western hemisphere. The study was preformed in China and included subjects of very low body weight.…”

Section: Chromium and Glucose Intolerancementioning

confidence: 80%

“…However, when healthy subjects have been examined, it has been shown that chromium has no effect on glucose metabolism (14,70). A meta-analysis performed by Althuis et al (5) examined the effects of chromium supplementation on glucose response. The authors determined that chromium supplementation had no effect on glucose response in non-diabetic subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium chloride increases insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb

et al. 2014

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Aim To determine the effect of chromium chloride (CrCl3) on healthy skeletal muscle glucose uptake in the absence and presence of submaximal insulin using the rat hindlimb perfusion technique. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an experimental group: basal (Bas), chromium chloride (Cr), submaximal insulin (sIns) or chromium chloride plus submaximal insulin (Cr‐sIns). Results Insulin significantly increased [H3]‐2 deoxyglucose (2‐DG) uptake in the gastrocnemius muscles. Additionally, Cr‐sIns displayed greater rates of 2‐DG uptake than sIns (Cr‐sIns 6.86 ± 0.74 μmol g h−1 vs. sIns 4.83 ± 0.42 μmol g h−1). There was no difference between Cr and Bas treatment groups. It has been speculated that chromium works to increase glucose uptake by increasing insulin signalling. We found that Akt and AS160 phosphorylation was increased in the sINS treatment group, while chromium treatment had no additional effect on Akt or AS160 phosphorylation in the absence or presence of insulin. Cr‐sIns significantly increased plasma membrane GLUT4 concentration above that of sIns (Cr‐sIns 72.22 ± 12.7%, sIns 53.4 ± 6.1%), but in the absence of insulin, chromium had no effect. Conclusion Exposure of healthy skeletal muscle to chromium may increase skeletal muscle insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. However, these effects do not appear to result from enhanced insulin signalling proximal to AS160.

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“…68 Two authors used the Cochrane Collaboration review template, 11,14 and one meta-analysis was performed under contract with the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, with rigorous descriptions of each study. 10 Both the meta-analysis by Balk et al 10 and the first meta-analysis published in 2002 9 were published before the PRISMA guidelines were released.…”

Section: Evaluating the Impact Of Chromium On Glycemic Control Despimentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

2016

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Some adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) believe that chromium-containing supplements will help control their disease, but the evidence is mixed. This narrative review examines the efficacy of chromium supplements for improving glycemic control as measured by decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using systematic search criteria, 20 randomized controlled trials of chromium supplementation in T2DM patients were identified. Clinically meaningful treatment goals were defined as an FPG of 7.2 mmol/dL, a decline in HbA1c to 7%, or a decrease of 0.5% in HbA1c. In only a few randomized controlled trials did FPG (5 of 20), HbA1c (3 of 14), or both (1 of 14) reach the treatment goals with chromium supplementation. HbA1c declined by 0.5% in 5 of 14 studies. On the basis of the low strength of existing evidence, chromium supplements have limited effectiveness, and there is little rationale to recommend their use for glycemic control in patients with existing T2DM. Future meta-analyses should include only high-quality studies with similar forms of chromium and comparable inclusion/exclusion criteria to provide scientifically sound recommendations for clinicians.

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Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis,,

Abstract: Data from RCTs show no effect of chromium on glucose or insulin concentrations in nondiabetic subjects. The data for persons with diabetes are inconclusive. RCTs in well-characterized, at-risk populations are necessary to determine the effects of chromium on glucose, insulin, and Hb A(1c).

Cited by 238 publications

References 38 publications

A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

Chromium chloride increases insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

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