A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

Yazaki, Yuka; Faridi, Zubaida; Ma, Yingying; Ali, Ather; Northrup, Veronika; Njike, Valentine Yanchou; Liberti, Lauren; Katz, David L.

doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0286

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our results are congruent with findings from a recent study performed in our laboratory showing no effect of 1000 mcg of chromium picolinate on weight loss and adiposity in 80 overweight individuals (26). Other recent trials have found similar results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Chromium Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity in Persons at Risk for Diabetes Mellitus

Ali¹,

Ma²,

Reynolds³

et al. 2011

Endocrine Practice

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Objective To investigate the effects of daily chromium picolinate supplementation on serum measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in patients at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, modified cross-over clinical trial with 6-month sequences of intervention and placebo followed by a 6-month postintervention assessment. Adult patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or metabolic syndrome were enrolled. Participants received 6-month sequences of chromium picolinate or placebo at 1 of 2 dosages (500 or 1000 mcg daily). Primary outcome measures were change in fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, fasting and 2-hour insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measures, blood pressure, endothelial function, hemoglobin A1c, lipids, and urinary microalbumin. Results Fifty-nine participants were enrolled. No changes were seen in glucose level, insulin level, or HOMA-IR (all, P>.05) after 6 months of chromium at either dosage level (500 mcg or 1000 mcg daily) when compared with placebo. None of the secondary outcomes improved with either chromium dosage compared with placebo (P>.05). Conclusions Chromium supplementation does not appear to ameliorate insulin resistance or impaired glucose metabolism in patients at risk for type 2 diabetes and thus is unlikely to attenuate diabetes risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Chromium Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity in Persons at Risk for Diabetes Mellitus

Ali¹,

Ma²,

Reynolds³

et al. 2011

Endocrine Practice

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“…Many of these included subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and/or dyslipidaemia. In most studies, chromium intake from the diet was not assessed and information on total chromium intake is therefore not available (Riales and Albrink, 1981;Anderson et al, 1983b;Offenbacher et al, 1985;Anderson et al, 1987;Press et al, 1990;Hermann et al, 1994;Boyd et al, 1998;Hermann et al, 1998;Cefalu et al, 1999;Joseph et al, 1999;Amato et al, 2000;Bahijri, 2000;Volpe et al, 2001;Gunton et al, 2005;Anton et al, 2008;Krikorian et al, 2010;Yazaki et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2011;Masharani et al, 2012). The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from these supplementation studies, performed mainly in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and/or dyslipidaemia, with regard to an effect of total dietary chromium intake on glucose and/or lipid metabolism in healthy populations.…”

Section: Criteria On Which To Base Dietary Reference Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

169

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) considered the evidence for setting Dietary Reference Values for chromium. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) has been postulated to be necessary for the efficacy of insulin in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. However, the mechanism(s) for these roles and the essential function of Cr(III) in metabolism have not been substantiated. The criteria for the essentiality of a trace element were considered. It was noted that attempts to create chromium deficiency in animal models have not produced consistent results, and that there is no evidence of essentiality of Cr(III) in animal nutrition. Evaluating the possibility of Cr(III) as an essential element for humans, the evidence from reported improvements associated with chromium supplementation in patients on total parenteral nutrition was considered to be the most convincing, but overall data do not provide sufficient information on the reversibility of the possible deficiencies and the nature of any dose-response curve in order to identify a dietary requirement for humans. The Panel concludes that no Average Requirement and no Population Reference Intake for chromium can be defined. Several studies assessed the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose and/or lipid metabolism. In the only study for which information on total chromium intake was available, there was no difference in parameters of glucose metabolism of normoglycaemic subjects between the placebo and chromium-supplemented periods. The Panel considered that there is no evidence of beneficial effects associated with chromium intake in healthy subjects. The Panel concluded that the setting of an Adequate Intake for chromium is also not appropriate. In 1993, the Scientific Committee for Food was unable to define a specific physiological requirement of chromium and did not propose DRVs for chromium, but other authorities have subsequently proposed DRVs for chromium. © European FoodTrivalent chromium (Cr(III)) has been reported as an essential trace element in that it has been postulated to be necessary for the efficacy of insulin in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. However, at present, the mechanism(s) for these roles and the essential function of chromium in metabolism have not been substantiated. The postulation of chromium's essentiality for humans was almost entirely based on case reports of patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) who developed metabolic and neurological defects, which were reported to respond to supplementation with Cr(III). The Panel noted that the chromium concentrations in the TPN solutions that induced the presumed deficiency symptoms were not reported in all the patients studied. In the three studies in which the concentration of chromium in the TPN solution was reported, the daily chromium supply was between 5 and 10 µg; at an absorption efficiency of 5 % this amount of infused chromium ...

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“…[28] Food cravings [29-32] and negative affect [33, 34] have been identified as instrumental triggers for binge eating, and high disinhibition is common among individuals who binge eat [35, 36] and is associated with poor treatment outcome. [37] On the other hand, other studies have failed to find any effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism or body weight [38, 39]. Across studies, the treatment protocol has varied, and the optimal dosage level and treatment duration for efficacy remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double-blind, randomized pilot trial of chromium picolinate for binge eating disorder: Results of the Binge Eating and Chromium (BEACh) Study

Brownley

Holle

Hamer

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective Chromium treatment has been shown to improve mood, appetite, and glucose regulation in various psychiatric and medical patient populations. The authors propose that chromium may be useful in the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED). Method Twenty-four overweight adults with BED were enrolled in a 6-month double-blind placebo-controlled trial and randomly assigned to receive either 1000mcg chromium/day (“high dose”; n=8) or 600mcg chromium/day (“moderate dose”; n=9) as chromium picolinate or placebo (n=7). Mixed linear regression models were used to estimate mean change in binge frequency and related psychopathology, weight, symptoms of depression, and fasting glucose. Results Fasting glucose was significantly reduced in both chromium groups compared to the placebo group; similarly, numerically, but not significantly, greater reductions in binge frequency, weight, and symptoms of depression were observed in those treated with chromium versus placebo, although statistical power was limited in this pilot trial. For fasting glucose, the findings suggest a dose response with larger effects in the high dose compared to moderate dose group. Conclusion These initial findings support further larger trials to determine chromium’s efficacy in maintaining normal glucose regulation, reducing binge eating and related psychopathology, promoting modest weight loss, and reducing symptoms of depression in individuals with BED. Studies designed to link the clinical effects of chromium with changes in underlying insulin, serotonin, and dopamine pathways may be especially informative. If efficacious, chromium supplementation may provide a useful, low-cost alternative to or augmentation strategy for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which have partial efficacy in BED. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00904306.

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A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

Cited by 41 publications

References 43 publications

Chromium Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity in Persons at Risk for Diabetes Mellitus

Chromium Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity in Persons at Risk for Diabetes Mellitus

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium

A double-blind, randomized pilot trial of chromium picolinate for binge eating disorder: Results of the Binge Eating and Chromium (BEACh) Study

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