Glucose and insulin responses to whole grain breakfasts varying in soluble fiber, β-glucan

Kim, Hyun‐Sook; Stote, Kim S.; Behall, Kay M.; Spears, Karen; Vinyard, Bryan T.; Conway, Joan M.

doi:10.1007/s00394-009-0778-3

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The soluble fiber content (i.e., β-glucan) of the barley and oat muffins in the present intervention ranged from 2.4–3.2 g. Interestingly, Kim et al [43] reported a barley breakfast providing ≥10 g β-glucan was necessary to observe a beneficial effect on glycemic response in obese women who were at increased risk of developing insulin resistance. In addition to the effect of dose, the effect of cooking or baking of whole grains may alter the physiological effects of soluble fiber; e.g., Kerckhoffs et al [44] found when oats are baked into bread or cookies, the β-glucan naturally found in oats becomes less viscous than raw β-glucan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics and Bioactivity of Oat and Barley Flour: A Randomized Crossover Trial

et al. 2016

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While dietary fiber plays an important role in the health benefits associated with whole grain consumption, other ingredients concentrated in the outer bran layer, including alkylresorcinols, lignans, phenolic acids, phytosterols, and tocols, may also contribute to these outcomes. To determine the acute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the major phytochemicals found in barley and oats, we conducted a randomized, three-way crossover trial in 13 healthy subjects, aged 40–70 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 27–35.9 kg/m2. After a two-day run-in period following a diet low in phytochemicals, subjects were randomized to receive muffins made with either 48 g whole oat flour, whole barley flour, or refined wheat flour plus cellulose (control), with a one-week washout period between each intervention. At the same time, an oral glucose tolerance test was administered. In addition to plasma phytochemical concentrations, glucose and insulin responses, biomarkers of antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and vascular remodeling were determined over a 24-h period. There was no significant effect on acute bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of major phytochemicals. Administered concurrently with a glucose bolus, the source of whole grains did not attenuate the post-prandial response of markers of glucoregulation and insulin sensitivity, inflammation, nor vascular remodeling compared to the refined grain control. No significant differences were observed in the bioavailability or postprandial effects between whole-oat and whole-barley compared to a refined wheat control when administered with a glucose challenge. These null results may be due, in part, to the inclusion criteria for the subjects, dose of the whole grains, and concurrent acute administration of the whole grains with the glucose bolus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics and Bioactivity of Oat and Barley Flour: A Randomized Crossover Trial

et al. 2016

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“…Human randomized trials have demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption improved insulin sensitivity[28] and increased plasma levels of adiponectin[28]. Likewise, weight reduction[29]and dietary intervention[30] have been associated with improved insulin sensitivity…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and residual lifetime risk of diabetes

Djoussé

Driver

Gaziano

et al. 2013

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Background and aims While clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of diet, exercise, and weight loss on incident diabetes in subjects with obesity or impaired glucose tolerance, little is known about the incremental benefit of not smoking and moderate drinking on diabetes risk. We sought to examine the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and residual lifetime risk of diabetes. Methods and Results Prospective cohorts involving 20,915 men (1982–2008) and 36,594 women (1992–2008). Modifiable lifestyle factors and adiposity were ascertained at baseline in each cohort and incident diabetes was ascertained during follow up. The mean age at baseline was 53.5 y in men and 54.6 y in women. During an average follow up of 22.6 y in men and 13.0 y in women, 2,096 men and 2,390 women developed diabetes. At age 45 y, the residual lifetime risk of diabetes (95% CI) for men with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4+ healthy lifestyle factors was 30.5 (27.3–33.7); 21.5 (19.9–23.0); 15.1 (13.9–16.3); 10.3 (9.1–11.5); and 7.3 (5.7–8.9) percent; respectively. Corresponding values for women were 31.4 (28.3–34.5); 24.1 (21.8–26.5); 14.2 (12.7–15.7); 11.6 (9.7–13.5); and 6.4 (4.2–8.6) percent, respectively. Conclusions These data show an inverse and graded relation between desirable lifestyle factors and residual lifetime risk of diabetes in men and women. Not smoking and moderate drinking may have additional benefits when added to exercise, weight control, and diet.

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“…1). Kim and others (33) reported that higher amount of beta-glucan consumption induced a reduced peak and sustained net increment in the late phase (60 and 120 min) of postprandial glucose response in obese women with increased risk for insulin resistance. Tapola and others (34) reported that oat bran flour high in beta-glucan acted as an active ingredient decreasing postprandial glycemic response of an oral glucose load in subjects with type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oat beta-glucan ameliorates insulin resistance in mice fed on high-fat and high-fructose diet

Zheng¹,

Shen²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Food & Nutrition Research

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MethodsThis study sought to evaluate the impact of oat beta-glucan on insulin resistance in mice fed on high-fat and high-fructose diet with fructose (10%, w/v) added in drinking water for 10 weeks.ResultsThe results showed that supplementation with oat beta-glucan could significantly reduce the insulin resistance both in low-dose (200 mg/kg−1 body weight) and high-dose (500 mg/kg−1 body weight) groups, but the high-dose group showed a more significant improvement in insulin resistance (P<0.01) compared with model control (MC) group along with significant improvement in hepatic glycogen level, oral glucose, and insulin tolerance. Moreover, hepatic glucokinase activity was markedly enhanced both in low-dose and high-dose groups compared with that of MC group (P<0.05).ConclusionThese results suggested that supplementation of oat beta-glucan alleviated insulin resistance and the effect was dose dependent.

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Glucose and insulin responses to whole grain breakfasts varying in soluble fiber, β-glucan

Abstract: These data suggest that acute consumption of 10 g of beta-glucan is able to induce physiologically beneficial effects on postprandial insulin responses in obese women at risk for insulin resistance.

Cited by 86 publications

References 29 publications

Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics and Bioactivity of Oat and Barley Flour: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics and Bioactivity of Oat and Barley Flour: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and residual lifetime risk of diabetes

Oat beta-glucan ameliorates insulin resistance in mice fed on high-fat and high-fructose diet

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