Gluconeogenesis from glycerol and alanine in thyrotoxicosis.

Carbohydrate metabolism in thyrotoxicosis, with special reference to its relation to calorie intake.

“…Studies on lactate turnover by Svednry (1966) suggested that Coni cycle, hepatic recycling of lactate to glucose, is increased in T3-treated humans. And hypermetabolism in thyroxine excess is accompanied by increased gluconeogenesis (Lamberg 1965 Sato et al 1980). In this study, the level of fasting blood lactate in thyrotoxicosis on 30 kcal-diet was almost the same as in normal subjects or patients with diabetes mellitus, but it increased significantly on unrestricted diet or 60 kcaldiet.…”

“…In thyrotoxicosis, gluconeogenesis from glycerol, lactate and amino acids is enhanced (Svednry 1966;Freedland and Krebs 1967;Sestoft et al 1977;Singh and Snyder 1978;Sato et al 1980), the content of glycogen in the liver is markedly reduced (Kuriyama 1918), and the nitrogen balance may easily shift to negative (Boothby and Sandiford 1923; Kyle et al 1966). These results suggest that the subjects with hyperthyroidism may easily fall in a state of relative starvation.…”

The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans: A Quantitative Overview

“…The time series data and the calculated kinetic parameters are visualized in Supplemental Figure S2 . The effect of oral alanine ingestion has been examined in healthy individuals [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], T2DM patients [ 22 ], and obese individuals [ 23 ] ( Supplemental Figure S2A ). All four studies showed increased insulin concentrations (iAUC range, 1.01 to 10.53 µU/mL/min) from baseline following oral ingestion of alanine in healthy individuals.…”

“…All four studies showed increased insulin concentrations (iAUC range, 1.01 to 10.53 µU/mL/min) from baseline following oral ingestion of alanine in healthy individuals. Alanine was found to lower glucose concentrations (iAUC, −3.33 mg/dL/min) in one study [ 21 ] that had the highest alanine dose. Genuth et al [ 22 ] demonstrated that the effect of oral ingestion of alanine on insulin is dose-dependent, with high dosing (33.8 g) leading to a larger postprandial insulin response (iAUC, 10.53 µU/mL/min) compared to low dosing (6.8 g) (iAUC, 1.01 µU/mL/min).…”