Glucocorticoids reduce interleukin‐1β concentration and result in neuroprotective effects in rat heatstroke

Liu, Chia‐Chyuan; Chien, Chau‐Heng; Lin, Mao‐Tsun

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00333.x

Cited by 88 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Heatstroke rats displayed arterial hypotension, endotoxemia, cerebral ischemia (3,31), and reduced baroreceptor reflex response (32). Our recent results (10) further demonstrated that the heatstroke-induced ischemia, iNOS overexpression, and NO overproduction in rat brain can be suppressed by pretreatment with aminoguanidine (an iNOS inhibitor). It is likely that SMS may alleviate arterial hypotension as well as cerebral ischemia exhibited during the onset of heatstroke by reducing the iNOS-dependent NO overproduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…For heatstroke induction, animals were exposed to a Ta of 43°C (with relative humidity of 60% in a temperature-controlled chamber). At a certain point in the heatstroke group, when MAP and local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum of rat brains began to decrease from their peak levels, this moment was considered as the onset of heatstroke (3,10). Immediately after the onset of heatstroke, heat stress was terminated and the animals were allowed to recover at room temperature (24°C).…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coordinates for the right striatum were: 9.7-mm interaural, 2.0 mm from the midline, and 4.5 mm from the top of the skull. As described previously (10), an equilibrium period of 60 min without sampling was allowed after probe implantation. The microdialysis probes were perfused at 2 m l / min with a sterile isotonic solution containing 147 mmol / l Na…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shengmai San, Is Effective for Improving Circulatory Shock and Oxidative Damage in the Brain During Heatstroke

et al. 2005

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Shengmai San (SMS), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on heatstroke-induced circulatory shock and oxidative damage in the brain in rats. Anesthetized rats were exposed to a high ambient temperature (43°C) to induce heatstroke. After the onset of heatstroke, the values of mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow, and brain partial pressure of O 2 were all significantly lower than those in normothermic controls. However, the values of intracranial pressure, brain and colonic temperatures, and brain levels of free radicals, lipid peroxidation, and cellular ischemia and damage markers were all greater in heatstroke rats compared with those of normothermic controls. Pretreatment or post-treatment with SMS significantly reduced the hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion and hypoxia and increased levels of ischemia and damage markers in the brain during heatstroke. The protective effects exerted by SMS pretreatment is superior to those of SMS post-treatment. The results demonstrate that SMS is effective for prevention and repair of circulatory shock and ischemic and oxidative damage in the brain during heatstroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shengmai San, Is Effective for Improving Circulatory Shock and Oxidative Damage in the Brain During Heatstroke

et al. 2005

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“…Indeed, increased levels of these cytokines are associated with heatstroke-induced arterial hypotension, cerebral ischemia, and neuronal damage (32,33; present results). Prior antagonism of ET A (present results) or IL-1b receptors (36,37) protects against heatstrokeinduced arterial hypotension, and cerebral ischemic damage and prolongs survival. As it is shown in the present results, prior antagonism of ET A receptors might exert its protective effects by attenuating the increased plasma level of TNF-a during heatstroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prior Antagonism of Endothelin-1A Receptors Alleviates Circulatory Shock and Cerebral Ischemia During Rat Heatstroke

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Cheng³

et al. 2004

J Pharmacol Sci

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Abstract. In this study, we investigated the acute hemodynamic effects of an infusion of the endothelin-1 (ET-1)-A-selective receptor antagonists BQ-610 and BQ-123 in heatstroke rats with circulatory shock and cerebral ischemia. Heatstroke was induced by putting the anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats into an ambient temperature of 42°C. The moment in which the mean arterial pressure dropped irreversibly from the peak for an extent of 25 mmHg was taken as the onset of heatstroke. The interval between initiation of heat exposure and heatstroke onset was found to be about 80 min for rats treated with vehicle solution. When the animals were exposed to 42°C for 80 min, hyperthermia, arterial hypotension, decrement of cardiac output (due to decreased stroke volume and decreased total peripheral resistance), increment of plasma ET-1 and tumor necrosis factor-a , and increment of cerebral ischemia and injury markers were manifested. Prior antagonism of ET-1 A receptors with BQ-610 (0.5 mg / kg, i.v.) or BQ-123 (1 mg / kg, i.v.), but not ET-1B receptors with BQ-788 (0.5 mg / kg, i.v.), 60 min before the initiation of heat exposure, appreciably alleviated hyperthermia, arterial hypotension, decreased cardiac output, increment of tumor necrosis factor-a , and increment of cerebral ischemia (e.g., glutamate and lactate / pyruvate ratio) and injury (e.g., glycerol) markers exhibited during heatstroke. The data indicates that ET-1A receptor antagonism may maintain appropriate levels of mean arterial pressure and cerebral circulation during heatstroke by reducing production of tumor necrosis factor-a .

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“…In the vehicle-treated heat stroke group, the animals were treated with an oral dose of DW (1 ml per rat daily and consecutively for 7 days) and exposed to heat stress (43°C). At a certain point, when MAP (mean arterial pressure) began to decrease from its peak level, this moment was arbitrarily defined as the onset of heat stroke (17,18). Immediately after the onset of heat stroke, heat stress was terminated and the animals were allowed to recover at room temperature (24°C).…”

Section: Animal Chow and Water Were Allowed Ad Libitummentioning

confidence: 99%

Shengmai San, a Chinese Herbal Medicine Protects Against Rat Heat Stroke by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Formation

Wang¹,

Chang²,

Liou³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether the possible occurrence of overproduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent nitric oxide (NO) in the brain and inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood exhibited during heat stroke can be reduced by prior administration of Shengmai San, a Chinese herbal medicine. Aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor, was evaluated at the same time as a reference (positive control). Urethaneanesthetized rats were exposed to heat stress (ambient temperature of 43°C) to induce heat stroke. Control rats were exposed to 24°C. Mean arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow after the onset of heat stroke were all significantly lower than in control rats. However, cerebral iNOS immunoreactivity and NO levels were all greater after the onset of heat stroke. The serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were all increased after the onset of heat stroke. Shengmai San (1.2 g / ml per rat) or aminoguanidine (30 µmol / ml per rat) was administered orally, daily, and consecutively for 7 days before the initiation of heat stress; and this significantly attenuated the heat stress-induced arterial hypotension, cerebral ischemia, and increased levels of brain iNOS-dependent NO production and serum cytokines formation. Shengmai San shared with the aminoguanidine almost the same efficacy in reducing iNOSdependent NO and cytokines overproduction during heat stroke. These results suggest that Shengmai San or aminoguanidine protects against heat stroke-induced arterial hypotension and cerebral ischemia by inhibition of iNOS-dependent NO overproduction in the brain and excessive accumulation of several inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood stream.

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Glucocorticoids reduce interleukin‐1β concentration and result in neuroprotective effects in rat heatstroke

Cited by 88 publications

References 28 publications

Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shengmai San, Is Effective for Improving Circulatory Shock and Oxidative Damage in the Brain During Heatstroke

Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shengmai San, Is Effective for Improving Circulatory Shock and Oxidative Damage in the Brain During Heatstroke

Prior Antagonism of Endothelin-1A Receptors Alleviates Circulatory Shock and Cerebral Ischemia During Rat Heatstroke

Shengmai San, a Chinese Herbal Medicine Protects Against Rat Heat Stroke by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Formation

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