Glow-discharge electrolysis

Hickling, A.; Ingram, Malcolm D.

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(64)80039-5

Cited by 109 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An electrode under such conditions was named "a glow discharge electrode" by Hickling and Ingram. 12 They performed the conventional electrolysis of water and increased the current by increasing the voltage from a low value. Because heating of the solution due to electrical resistance was concentrated at the electrode/solution interface, the solution near the cathode was heated to its boiling point, and a vapor layer was generated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

Saito

Nakasugi

Akiyama

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Excitation temperature of a solution plasma was investigated by spectroscopic measurements to control the nanoparticle synthesis. In the experiments, the effects of edge shielding, applied voltage, and electrode material on the plasma were investigated. When the edge of the Ni electrode wire was shielded by a quartz glass tube, the plasma was uniformly generated together with metallic Ni nanoparticles. The emission spectrum of this electrode contained OH, H-alpha, H-beta, Na, O, and Ni lines. Without an edge-shielded electrode, the continuous infrared radiation emitted at the edge created a high temperature on the electrode surface, producing oxidized coarse particles as a result. The excitation temperature was estimated from the Boltzmann plot. When the voltages were varied at the edge-shielded electrode with low average surface temperature by using different electrolyte concentrations, the excitation temperature of current-concentration spots increased with an increase in the voltage. The size of the Ni nanoparticles decreased at high excitation temperatures. Although the formation of nanoparticles via melting and solidification of the electrode surface has been considered in the past, vaporization of the electrode surface could occur at a high excitation temperature to produce small particles. Moreover, we studied the effects of electrodes of Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, W, Pt, Au, and various alloys of stainless steel and Cu-Ni alloys. With the exception of Ti, the excitation temperatures ranged from 3500 to 5500 K and the particle size depended on both the excitation temperature and electrode-material properties

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

Saito

Nakasugi

Akiyama

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The formation of the plasma layer is due to the heating of the solution near the electrode. The electrode under such conditions was named "a glow discharge electrode" by Hickling and Ingram, 1 who studied light emission from such electrodes. They performed a conventional electrolysis of water and increased the current by increasing the voltage from a low value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 In addition, the size and composition of these nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the experimental conditions. 14,15 This method for producing nanoparticles has many advantages: (1) it requires a simple experimental setup without the need for a vacuum chamber; (2) there is no need to supply any gas; (3) a conductive electrode is used as the raw material, and harmful reductants or expensive agents are not required; and (4) it can be applied to any electrically conductive metal/alloy. To produce nanoparticles for various applications, control of the particle size and efficient production are essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface morphology of a glow discharge electrode in a solution

Saito

Hosokai

Tsubota

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Phase-field modeling of three-phase electrode microstructures in solid oxide fuel cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 033909 (2012) Dynamic modelling and simulation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell used in vehicle considering heat transfer effects J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 4, 043107 (2012) Colloidal electroconvection in a thin horizontal cell. III. Interfacial and transient patterns on electrodes J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014504 (2012) Use of magnetite as anode for electrolysis of water J. Appl. Phys. 111, 124911 (2012) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. This paper describes the surface morphology of a glow discharge electrode in a solution. In the experiments detailed in the paper, the effects of electrolysis time, solution temperature, voltage, electrolyte concentration, and surface area on the size of nanoparticles formed and their amount of nanoparticles produced were examined to study the surface morphologies of the electrodes. The results demonstrated that the amount of nanoparticles produced increased proportionally with the electrolysis time and current. When the voltages were below 140 V, surfaces with nanoparticles attached, called "Particles" type surfaces, were formed on the electrode. These surfaces changed and displayed ripples, turning into "Ripple" type surfaces, and the nanoparticle sizes increased with an increase in the amount of nanoparticles produced. In contrast, at voltages over 160 V, the surfaces of the electrodes were either "Random" or "Hole" type and the particle sizes were constant at different amount of nanoparticles produced. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics.

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“…Because of the seminal work on discharge electrolysis, [1][2][3][4] it has been widely recognized as a potential method for chemical and material engineering. A salient feature of this process is the non-Faradaic reactions, [1][2][3]5,6 ranging from polymerization 7,8 to the formation of amino acids 9,10 and degradation of harmful substances. 11,12 The amount of product is generated over Faraday's law, which strictly predicts that the amount is exactly equal to the amount of current, mainly through anodic plasma electrolysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical models to explain nonFaradaic reactions have been proposed. 1,3,6,8 Recently, nonFaradaic hydrogen evolution has been confirmed as the direct pyrolytic decomposition of water molecules to apply it for the hydrogen economy. 13 From the viewpoint of material engineering, an oxide coating method has been developed under the anodic plasma electrolysis condition as a more inexpensive, faster, and easier method as compared with previous procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Controlled formation of metallic nanoballs during plasma electrolysis

Toriyabe

Watanabe

Yatsu

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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Formation of spherical nanoparticles ͑hereafter "nanoballs"͒ in a gas/liquid mixed dual phase system during plasma electrolysis is reported. A gas/vapor sheath is formed at the electrode/ electrolyte interface when the applied voltage is high enough to induce discharge plasma. Through this nonequilibrium process, the authors have produced Ni, Ti, Ag, and Au metallic nanoballs from the cathode mother materials with a certain size controllability. The electrode surface is partially melted by the local current concentration induced by electrothermal instability followed by an immediate cooldown, yielding nanoballs without contamination from electrolyte.

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Glow-discharge electrolysis

Cited by 109 publications

References 30 publications

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

Surface morphology of a glow discharge electrode in a solution

Controlled formation of metallic nanoballs during plasma electrolysis

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