Globalization of Dietary Wild Foods Protect against Cardiovascular Disease and all Cause Mortalities? A Scientific Satement from the International College of Cardiology, Columbus Paradigm Institute and the International College of Nutrition

Abstract

Dietary pattern consisting of high intakes of vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains, can be protective against mortality from cardiovascular and malignant diseases. A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies demonstrated that an increased consumption of fruit and vegetables from less than 3 to more than 5 servings/day is related to a 17% reduction, whereas an increased intake from 3 to 5 servings/day is associated with a smaller and borderline significant reduction in CAD risk. These results provide evidence supporting that 5 or more servings per day of fruit and vegetables, are needed to protect from CVD. Other cohort studies identified 2 dietary patterns from data collected on serial food frequency questionnaires. One pattern, called " prudent", was characterized by a high vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains. The other pattern, which is proatherogenic, called "Western", corresponded to a high consumption of red meat, processed meat, refined grains, french fries, sweets, and desserts. More recently, "Designer" foods containg nutrients such as w-3 fatty acids, selected groups of vitamins and trace elements, and antioxidants are being available that may have the potential for inclusions in the "prudent" dietary pattern in the future. Indeed in the year 2009, European Union has allocated a budget of 9 million Euro for conducting research to examine the effects of "designer" foods on health biomarkers.

Can Environmental Factors Predispose Noncommunicable Diseases?

“…Studies have demonstrated this effect on subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals, as well as in patients with established, symptomatic disease [40]. There is a need to conduct similar studies using Mediterranean diet rich in w-3 fatty acids with w-6/w-3 ratio of 1:1 in the regression of atherosclerosis because mounting evidence indicate that such a diet can cause significant reduction in CVDs mortality and all cause mortality (23). International agencies like WHO, International College of Nutrition and International College of Cardiology and the BIOCOS group are planning several strategies for prevention of NCDs in the world [46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

“…It is possible that these protective mechanisms developed during scarcity, serve to program the development of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and CAD in later life, and also possibly cancer, and other NCDs, due to dysfunction of the brain. The human brain is quite rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) [23][24][25]. These fatty acids are neuroprotective and constitute 30% to 50% of the total fatty acids in the brain, where they are predominantly associated with membrane phospholipids [25].…”

“…Increased dietary intake of w-6 fatty acids is known to enhance all these biomarkers as well as atherogenicity of cholesterol which has adverse proinflammatry effects resulting into NCDs [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Recent studies indicate that Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, canola oil, olive oil as well as physical activity, and meditation can decrease inflammation and may be protective against risk of CVD and all cause mortality [4,17,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Inflammation appears to be an important unifying hypothesis, because one be an important unifying hypothesis, because one recent study [21] has demonstrated that decline in inflammation can cause significant reduction in all cause mortality and cardiovascular events.…”

Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus In Low and Middle Income Countries

“…In one experience (RBS), eating 50-60g/day of walnut caused significant reduction in blood pressures from 141/92 mm Hg to 130/ 88 mm Hg in about 8 weeks [80]. In several recent studies, a role for dietary patterns has been proposed in CVD and diabetes [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90].…”

“…(Table 8) Regular spot running and meditation (each 30min) and cessation of tobacco intake are also important for prevention of these diseases. Alcohol intake in moderation, particularly red wine rich in reveratrol flavonoids may be more beneficial as proposed in the French paradox by Searge Renaud [80][81][82][83][84]. These diet and lifestyle changes can influence mind-body connections and have been better approached in the Tsim Tsoum concept which is an extention of the Columbus concept [54,85].…”