Global warming and change in the conditions of crop production practices in the Middle Cis-Urals

Abstract

The aim of the research is to establish a possible change in the temperature regime of recent years (2016-2020) as compared to the long-term average annual values of the Izhevsk weather station and the assessment of the effect of this change on the specific features of crop production practices in the Middle Cis-Urals. Statistical method, comparison and analysis were used during the research. It has been established, that in the Middle Cis-Urals for the recent five years the warming has been recorded: the sum of temperatures higher than +10 оС has increased by 70 оС on the average and reached 2138 оС that provides growing the varieties of early-ripening and mid-season spring cereals. Every vegetation period is characterized by its own specific features, positive and negative deviations from the long-term average annual values both over the whole period and during some of its intervals. The rise in the sum of temperatures resulted in the 4 days earlier transition of the average daily temperature in spring over +5 оС , in autumn it led to 2 days later transition, that made the vegetation period by 6 days longer. It provides an earlier vegetative renewal in spring and a later stop in vegetation of winter crops as well as the possibility of an earlier start of field work with spring crops in spring. The calculations have proved that between the grain yield of spring wheat varieties and the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) indicator there are different kinds of correlative relationships – neutral, average and strong positive ones. However, between the average yield of spring wheat grain on the farms of all categories in the Udmurt Republic and HTC, a strong positive correlative relationship (r = +0.73) has been established.