Global variability of chromium isotopes in seawater demonstrated by Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Ocean samples

Scheiderich, Kathleen; Amini, Marghaleray; Holmden, Chris; François, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.030

Cited by 129 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The Playa Poniente seawater data are compatible with data from other Mediterranean surface seawaters, which distinguish in [Cr] vs. δ 53 Cr space from Baltic Sea seawater, but are compatible with the trend of an inverse logarithmic relationship between δ 53 Cr and [Cr] defined by Scheiderich et al (2015) and substantiated later by Paulukat et al (2016) of worldwide Atlantic and Pacific ocean waters. Three sep-arate analyses of seawater from Disko Island, published by Paulukat et al (2016), are characterized by slightly lower [Cr] and δ 53 Cr values compared to the Mediterranean waters, but are similar to other waters from the North Atlantic (cf.…”

Section: Surface Seawatersupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Wang et al (2016) also found that foraminifera species with similar depth habitats from the same core-top sample also yielded different δ 53 Cr values. In addition, within samples, foraminifera with shallower habitats yielded consistently lower δ 53 Cr than those with deeper habitats, which these authors correctly described as opposite to the general patterns expected in seawater δ 53 Cr (Bonnand et al, 2013;Scheiderich et al, 2015;Paulukat et al, 2016). The study of Farkaš et al (2018) Wang et al (2016) could be envisaged as to result from variable Cr uptake mechanisms.…”

Section: Shells -Chromium Isotope Compositions and Chromium Concentramentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Furthermore, due to a local redox cycling and biological uptake of Cr in the oceans (Semeniuk et al, 2016), the Cr isotope signature of present-day seawater is not globally homogeneous (Scheiderich et al, 2015;Paulukat et al, 2016). This additionally complicates the application of δ 53 Cr measurements in marine carbonate archives with respect to deducing information regarding global ocean redox, and implications thereof for climatic changes on Earth through time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much research focus today is on the understanding of the redox cycling of Cr in the ocean system, and on investigating marine sediments and marine organisms as potential archives for recording past redox conditions of the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time (Frei et al, 2009Bonnand et al, 2013;Planavsky et al, 2014;Holmden et al, 2016;D'Arcy et al, 2017;Rodler et al, 2016a, b;Gilleaudeau et al, 2016). It is conceivable that the Cr isotope composition of seawater and marine chemical sediments reflect a complex signal of oxidation/reduction processes operating within the oceans (Scheiderich et al, 2015;Paulukat et al, 2016), and it is therefore clear that one must first understand the individual processes and mechanisms that govern the transfer of dissolved Cr in seawater into the respective potential archives. Recent studies (Rodler et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016) have paved the way, but further systematic investigations in both natural and laboratorycontrolled settings are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic look at chromium isotopes in modern shells – implications for paleo-environmental reconstructions

2018

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Abstract. The chromium isotope system ( 53 Cr / 52 Cr, expressed as δ 53 Cr relative to NIST SRM 979) in marine biogenic and non-biogenic carbonates is currently being evaluated as a proxy for the redox state of the ocean. Previous work has concentrated on using corals and foraminifera for this purpose, but investigations focusing on the behavior of Cr in bivalves as potential archives are lacking. Due to their often good preservation, fossil marine biogenic carbonates have the potential to serve as useful archives for the reconstruction of past ocean redox fluctuations and eventually link those to climatic changes throughout Earth's history. Here, we present an evaluation of the Cr isotope system in shells of some modern bivalves. Shell species from Lucidinadae, Cardiidae, Glycimerididae and Pectenidae, collected systematically from one Mediterranean location (Playa Poniente, Benidorm, Spain) over a 3-year period reveal δ 53 Cr values ranging from 0.15 ‰ to 0.65 ‰, values that are systematically below the local seawater δ 53 Cr value of 0.83 ± 0.05 ‰. This attests to a significant reduction of dissolved seawater chromium in the process leading to calcification and thus for control of Cr isotope fractionation during biological routes. A similar, constant offset in δ 53 Cr values relative to surface seawater is observed in shells from Mytilius edulis from an arctic location (Godhavn, Disko Bay, Greenland). Chromium concentrations in the studied shells are significantly controlled by organic matter and typically range from 0.020 to 0.100 ppm, with some higher concentrations of up to 0.163 ppm recorded in Pectenidae. We also observe subtle, species-dependent differences in average Cr isotope signatures in the samples from Playa Poniente, particularly of Lucidinadae and Cardiidae, with considerably depressed and elevated δ 53 Cr values, respectively, relative to the other species investigated. Intra-species heterogeneities, both in Cr concentrations and δ 53 Cr values, are favorably seen to result from vital effects during shell calcification rather than from heterogeneous seawater composition. This is because we observe that the surface seawater composition in the particular Playa Poniente location remained constant during the month of July of the 3 years we collected bivalve samples. Intra-shell heterogeneities -associated with growth zones reflecting one to several years of growth, both in δ 53 Cr and Cr concentrations -are observed in a sample of Placuna placenta and Mimachlamys townsendi. We suspect that these variations are, at least partially, related to seasonal changes in δ 53 Cr of surface seawaters. Recognizing the importance of organic substances in the bivalve shells, we propose a model whereby reduction of Cr(VI) originally contained in the seawater as chromate ion and transported to the calcifying space, to Cr(III), is effectively adsorbed onto organic macromolecules which eventually get included in the growing shell carbonates. This study, with its definition of statistically sound offsets in δ 53 Cr...

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Section: Surface Seawatersupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Shells -Chromium Isotope Compositions and Chromium Concentramentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic look at chromium isotopes in modern shells – implications for paleo-environmental reconstructions

2018

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“…Translating Cr isotope records into an estimate of pO 2 levels relies on coupling of several reactions -Cr(III) going into solution, Mn being oxidized, and Cr being oxidized by Mn oxides -that have "known" rate laws (Planavsky et al, 2014). In this approach -since it is building from a kinetic framework -one must assume reaction (Scheiderich et al, 2015). This is comparable to our highest value of +1.17‰ for near-shore ankerite grainstone.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 75%

Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic Gunflint Formation carbonate: Implications for hydrosphere-atmosphere evolution

Fralick

Planavsky

Burton

et al. 2017

Precambrian Research

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The ~1880 Ma Gunflint Formation has played a critical role in shaping our view of the evolution of the Precambrian biosphere and the redox state of Earth's early oceans.Herein we present a study of the petrology and geochemistry of calcic grainstones and stromatolitic limestones present at the very top of the Gunflint Formation and compare them with underlying ankeritic grainstones that dominate the shore-proximal portion of the basin. Meteoric calcite cements in the upper limestones formed prior to the unit being brecciated and/or buried by debris carried by the blast cloud from the 1850 Ma Sudbury impact event. The intraclastic grains and cements in the limestone are highly enriched in V, Cr, U and REEs, with REE patterns similar to those of modern groundwater. Cr isotopes have a distinctly positive signature in most samples indicating formation of oxidized, hexavalent Cr during subaerial weathering. These redox-sensitive metals were transported in oxygenated groundwater and precipitated where the fluid encountered reducing conditions. In contrast, the underlying ankeritic marine grainstones have REE patterns similar to those of some modern-day venting hydrothermal fluids and earliest Paleoproterozoic seawater. This work suggests that significant levels of oxygen existed in the atmosphere at the time, whereas, even shallow areas of the world ocean remained very oxygen-deficient. The contrast in redox state of anoxic shallow-marine water verses oxic groundwater was probably linked to strong sub-seafloor hydrothermal circulation and extensive upwelling onto shallow shelves, which could have sustained widespread marine anoxia. More broadly, our study highlights the importance of investigating and understanding lateral geochemical gradients, and the flux rates that control them, in shallow paleomarine settings.

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The Archean‐Proterozoic Boundary and the Great Oxidation Event

Gaucher

2018

Geophysical Monograph Series

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INDEX Acidithiobacillus, 132 Amazon Craton biostratigraphy of, 102-4, 103f, 105f cap carbonate in southern, 98 contact between glacial deposits and cap carbonate in, 94, 97f Cryogenian-Ediacaran boundary in southern, 89-108, 90f, 92f, 95f-97f, 98f, 100f, 103f, 105f, 106f geological-structural setting of southern, 95f geologic map of southwestern, 90f global correlations with, 104-7, 105f, 106f insertion of post-Marinoan carbonates of, 106f lithostratigraphy and major geologic events of, 92f Marinoan cap carbonate in southern cap carbonate, 98-102, 98f, 100f cap dolostone, 99-101, 100f cap limestone cementstone, 101-2 Marinoan glacial deposits, 93-94, 95f, 96f paleobiology of, 102-4, 103f, 105f paleogeographic map for, 74f representative fossils of, 103f simplified stratigraphic section of glacial deposits with, 96f Ammonoids, 166 Angara Craton, 74f Anomaly, 29 Anticosti Island, 147f Apennines, 186f Araras Group acritarch specimens in, 104 carbon isotope chemostratigraphy for, 105f insertion of post-Marinoan carbonates of, 106f lithostratigraphy of, 105f microbial laminites in, 103 Aravalli-Bundelkhand Craton, 54-55, 54f, 59-60 Archean-Proterozoic boundary banded iron formation in, 35 BIF with, 42f chromium isotopes in, 39-40, 39f global change from, 35 Great Oxidation Event with, 9, 35-43, 36f, 38f, 39f, 41f, 42f molybdenum isotopes in, 40-41, 41f placement of, 42-43, 42f present atmospheric level exceeded by, 35, 37, 40-43 sulfur isotopes in, 36-38, 38f Arequipa Massif, 74f Argana Basin, 186f Argillaceous red, nodular, bioturbated wackestone, 166, 167f, 171f Aspidella, 131f Astartekløft, 192 Asteroid impact event, 224-25 Atar Group carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of, 80f Calcario Tangará quarry, 98f Calcium isotopes, 9-10 Calymmian period, 48, 51f, 52-53, 59, 64 depositional age for Dongchuan Group, 56 deposition of large red beds during, 61 sedimentary rocks of, 63 Calymmian rift, 47 Cambrian explosion, 123-24 CAMP. See Central Atlantic magmatic province Canada Ordovician paleogeographic position in, 147f Truro Island, Arctic in, 147f, 150-51, 152f Carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) analyses in transitional Ediacaran to Cambrian successions, 123 composition of, 60 isotopic compositions of, 121-22 measurements of sulfur isotopes on, 8 Carbonate microfacies argillaceous red, nodular, bioturbated wackestone, 166, 167f, 171f gray/yellow nodular sponge wackestone, 166, 168f, 171f laminated bindstone, 166, 169f, 171f, 172f oncoid wackestone/floatstone, 166, 168, 170f, 172f Carbon isotopes, 5-6. See also Jurassic-Cretaceous carbon isotope geochemistry analysis and sampling strategies with, 165-66 Araras Group in chemostratigraphy with, 105f carbonate sequences data for, 58f, 59, 59f, 60 chemostratigraphy, 75f, 76f, 79f, 80f, 81f, 105f, 193, 194f-95f composition analysis results with, 172-74, 173f, 173t compositions in Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic transition of, 81, 82f curves coupled with δ 53 Cr, 10, 12 Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, trends leading up to, 122 Permian-Triassic boundary with composition of, 160-62, ...

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Global variability of chromium isotopes in seawater demonstrated by Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Ocean samples

Cited by 129 publications

References 60 publications

A systematic look at chromium isotopes in modern shells – implications for paleo-environmental reconstructions

A systematic look at chromium isotopes in modern shells – implications for paleo-environmental reconstructions

Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic Gunflint Formation carbonate: Implications for hydrosphere-atmosphere evolution

The Archean‐Proterozoic Boundary and the Great Oxidation Event

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