Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence

Abstract

In recent decades, large increases in diabetes prevalence have been demonstrated in virtually all regions of the world. The increase in the number of people with diabetes or with a longer duration of diabetes is likely to alter the disease profile in many populations around the globe, particularly due to a higher incidence of diabetes-specific complications, such as kidney failure and peripheral arterial disease. The epidemiology of other conditions frequently associated with diabetes, including infections and cardiovascular disease, may also change, with direct effects on quality of life, demands on health services and economic costs. The current understanding of the international burden of and variation in diabetes-related complications is poor. The available data suggest that rates of myocardial infarction, stroke and amputation are decreasing among people with diabetes, in parallel with declining mortality. However, these data predominantly come from studies in only a few high-income countries. Trends in other complications of diabetes, such as end-stage renal disease, retinopathy and cancer, are less well explored. In this review, we synthesise data from population-based studies on trends in diabetes complications, with the objectives of: (1) characterising recent and long-term trends in diabetes-related complications; (2) describing regional variation in the excess risk of complications, where possible; and (3) identifying and prioritising gaps for future surveillance and study.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Diabetes and COVID-19 in Association With Glucose-Lowering Medication

“…We therefore deduce that the basic conditions of patients with COVID-19 with comorbid diabetes were similar among the confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases, and were worse overall than in those without diabetes. As is well known, patients with diabetes are highly susceptible to infection (16,17). Indeed, diabetes is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients infected with other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV (18,19) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (20,21).…”

Multiple Biological Effects of an Iridoid Glucoside, Catalpol, and Its Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

“…Diabetes is associated with several long-term macrovascular (coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) [62].…”

Substituted 2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives showed protective effects against diabetic cataract via inhibition of aldose reductase

“…[ 1,2 ] DM is the consequence of underutilization or less production of insulin in the body, causing loss of sight, kidney malfunction, cardiovascular disorder, and stroke. [ 3,4 ] The development of cataracts, with an increased frequency, is prominent in patients with DM, which is, thus, considered as the foremost reason for ocular mutilation in diabetic patients. Various studies showed a relationship between diabetes and cataract in both type 1 and type 2 DM.…”