Global Trends and Prospects of Black Liquor as Bioenergy

Hwan, KimChul; Lee, Ji-Young; Park, See-Han; Moon, Sun-Ok

doi:10.7584/jktappi.2019.10.51.5.3

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The pulp and paper industry produces about 400 million tons of paper and paperboard worldwide every year [ 1 ]. Fine paper is made using the Kraft process, in which wood chips are delignified using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulphide (Na 2 S) in a pressurized digester [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inorganics flow out of the bottom of the recovery boiler as molten smelt and are dissolved in water, yielding green liquor, which is processed further to regenerate the liquor used in pulping. The black liquor burned in the recovery boiler is a valuable resource that generates 250 MW to 500 MW for a typical kraft mill [ 1 ], providing a significant fraction of the electricity needs of the mill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Temperature Fracture Resistance of Model Kraft Recovery Boiler Deposits

et al. 2022

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In kraft paper mills, supersonic steam jets are used to remove deposits that build up on the heat exchanger tubes in the recovery boiler. In this study, the fracture toughness KC and work of fracture, WF, of simulated boiler deposits were measured at temperatures up to 500 °C to determine the optimal conditions for deposit removal. The model deposits experienced an important brittle to ductile transition at ~450 °C. Above this temperature, ductile deposits required lower peak force, but four times more energy to fracture when compared to those tested at lower temperatures. The transition was clear in scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces. The findings have significant implications for mills wishing to optimize sootblower performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Fracture Resistance of Model Kraft Recovery Boiler Deposits

et al. 2022

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“…Black liquor is a byproduct of the kraft papermaking process that yields as dry weight around 170 million tons annually [ 9 ]. Black liquor is harmful to the environment as it could contain compounds such as methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin is the largest organic constituent within black liquor, which covers around 38–47% of its dry mass, depending on the type of wood [ 9 , 10 ]. Up to 80% of lignin in black liquor could be recovered [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binderless, All-Lignin Briquette from Black Liquor Waste: Isolation, Purification, and Characterization

et al. 2021

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Lignin isolated from black liquor waste was studied in this research to be utilized as binderless, all-lignin briquette, with a calorific value in the range of 5670–5876 kcal/kg. Isolation of lignin from black liquor was conducted using the acid precipitation method. Sulfuric acid, citric acid, and acetic acid were used to maintain the pH level, which varied from 5 to 2 for the precipitation process. The influence of these isolation conditions on the characteristic of lignin and the properties of the resulted briquette was evaluated through the Klasson method, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), adiabatic bomb calorimeter, density measurement, and Drop Shatter Index (DSI) testing. The finding showed that the lignin isolated using citric acid maintained to pH 3 resulted in briquette with 72% fixed carbon content, excellent 99.7% DSI, and a calorific value equivalent to coal-based briquette.

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“…plants recover the chemicals needed for the process and the heat generated during the operation. 2 In the kraft pulping process, wood chips, which are the main raw material, are pulped by dissolving lignin by white liquor. 3,4 White liquor is an aqueous solution of Na 2 S and NaOH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel mechanical vapor recompression‐assisted evaporation process for improving energy efficiency in pulp and paper industry

Kim

Lim

Cho

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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In the pulp and paper industry, black liquor, which is a biomass resource, is burned to produce electricity. Black liquor is concentrated to 21 wt% water through an evaporator before being burned in a boiler. For the evaporator, a multiple-effect evaporator (MEE) is mainly used, but it requires a large amount of energy and cost. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce energy and cost of evaporation process. Hence, this study suggested a novel process model that integrated mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) with MEE to increase the energy efficiency. The suggested MVR-assisted evaporation process was composed of preheating and evaporation processes to effectively concentrate black liquor. In addition, it reduced the steam consumption of MEE by using MVR, which uses relatively inexpensive electric energy in the pre-evaporation process. In the simulation results, the steam, electricity consumption, and the latent heat recovered from the secondary vapor of the suggested process were quantitatively analyzed to verify the energy efficiency. The results indicate that the proposed process increases substantial energy efficiency compared to the conventional process. Then, the appropriateness of the suggested process was evaluated by the techno-economic analysis. The total annualized cost (TAC) is determined for both current and potential future economic benefits. TAC of the MVR-assisted MEE configuration can be reduced by up to 77.54%.

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Global Trends and Prospects of Black Liquor as Bioenergy

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

High Temperature Fracture Resistance of Model Kraft Recovery Boiler Deposits

High Temperature Fracture Resistance of Model Kraft Recovery Boiler Deposits

Binderless, All-Lignin Briquette from Black Liquor Waste: Isolation, Purification, and Characterization

Novel mechanical vapor recompression‐assisted evaporation process for improving energy efficiency in pulp and paper industry

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