Global trade will accelerate plant invasions in emerging economies under climate change

Abstract

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Global patterns in threats to vertebrates by biological invasions

“…Our findings also contradict previous results regarding threatened fish species (which were not included in our study) for which the six major invasion hotspots have been characterized as containing the greatest proportions of threatened fish species [29]. Indeed, the hotspots of introductions ( [30], figure 4b) are more spatially restricted than the hotspots of IAS-threatened species. This spatial mismatch is probably the consequence of many factors, for example, (i) one IAS can threaten multiple native species (figure 4); (ii) some native species have life-history or other traits that make them disproportionately vulnerable to IAS exposure; (iii) the number of introduced species is likely to be underestimated in most countries, and there is a geographical bias in the severity of this underestimation [8,31,32]; and (iv) there is a time lag between the arrival of IAS and their effects on native species [33,34].…”

Predicting the spread of marine species introduced by global shipping

“…Indeed, the consideration of additional parameters in the model such as further environmental variables did not improve the model fit (Table S1). The quality of the fit ranges between those found in other modeling studies [e.g., R 2 = 0.64 for the global spread of terrestrial vascular plants (29) or an 87-94% accuracy for the introduction of fishes into the Great Lakes (27)], but other models were either more complex or restricted to much smaller geographic areas or a single taxonomic group. We are not aware of any study, simulating the global spread of marine species from various taxonomic groups simultaneously as done here, which renders a direct comparison difficult.…”

“…The model applied here can be easily adopted to simulate the spread of other taxonomic groups (see ref. 29 .org), all of which provide native and alien ranges of numerous species. It is therefore the logical consequence to combine invasion models with available distributional data to improve the predictability of invasion dynamics as shown here.…”

Utilization of Microalgal Biofractions for Bioethanol, Higher Alcohols, and Biodiesel Production: A Review

“…As a result of human activities, CO 2 levels in the atmosphere have increased by~25% over the past 150 years [5]. Increasing the energy demand and environmental pollution ( Figure 1a) are thus two major challenges that threaten the world [6][7][8]. In this context, a higher supply of food (70%), fuel (50%), and water (50%) will be required by 2050, in addition to a 50% reduction in CO 2 emissions to maintain social, political, and climate security [9].…”