Global Surveillance for Antituberculosis-Drug Resistance, 1994–1997

Abstract

Resistance to antituberculosis drugs was found in all 35 countries and regions surveyed, suggesting that it is a global problem.

Tuberculosis: a study of 111 cases in an area of high prevalence in the extreme south of Brazil

“…In 19 cases, diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made by isolation of M. tuberculosis from bronchoalveolar lavage. This procedure was responsible for an increase in diagnosis of 19.4%; it has been seen as a sensitive method for the determination of pulmonary involvement [2,6] in patients from which sputum samples are not available. The performance of the various extrapulmonary materials for the detection of mycobacteria differed; a fragment of a lymph node biopsy gave the best result in our study.…”

“…Six percent t of the M. tuberculosis strains were resistant to at least one of the evaluated drugs, 4% to isoniazid and 2% to both drugs, characterizing multi-drug resistance. The prevalence of isolated resistance to isoniazid is a universal finding [6]. On the other hand, when there is resistance to rifampin, resistance to isoniazid has probably already been developed, since the initial treatment scheme makes parallel use of both drugs, explaining the appearance of multi-drug resistance.…”

“…On the other hand, when there is resistance to rifampin, resistance to isoniazid has probably already been developed, since the initial treatment scheme makes parallel use of both drugs, explaining the appearance of multi-drug resistance. Among the Latin American countries, Brazil with 2,888 cases of tuberculosis Tuberculosis: A Study of 111 Cases studied, showed a prevalence of resistance to isoniazid of 6.3% and to rifampin of 1.5%, while multi-drug resistance occurred at a proportion of 1.3%, levels considered acceptable by the WHO [6]. Irregular use of the therapeutic scheme has been seen as the main risk factor for the appearance of strains resistant to antituberculous drugs [1,6].…”

“…Among the Latin American countries, Brazil with 2,888 cases of tuberculosis Tuberculosis: A Study of 111 Cases studied, showed a prevalence of resistance to isoniazid of 6.3% and to rifampin of 1.5%, while multi-drug resistance occurred at a proportion of 1.3%, levels considered acceptable by the WHO [6]. Irregular use of the therapeutic scheme has been seen as the main risk factor for the appearance of strains resistant to antituberculous drugs [1,6]. However, other factors have been proposed, including alcoholism, previous treatment history, cavitary pulmonary disease, and more recently as a prevalent condition, the lack of sanitary infrastructure in the homes [23].…”

“…The niacin production test was used to confirm the isolation of M. tuberculosis [3]. The proportion method, through an indirect technique, was used in order to determine the profile of resistance/susceptibility of the isolates of M. tuberculosis to isoniazid (H) and to rifampin (R) [3,6]. All values were reported as mean ± SD; percentages were calculated for the categorical variables, establishing a 95% confidence interval (CI).…”