Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta‐analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020

Abstract

In the post rotavirus vaccine era, norovirus (NoV) plays an increasingly important role in epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis among children. This study was designed to provide an updated meta-analytic review of the prevalence of NoV among paediatric patients with gastroenteritis and to clarify the relationship between NoV infection and gastroenteritis. Systematic searches of the literature for potentially relevant studies were carried out from 1 January 2015 to 29 May 2020.The inverse variance method was chosen for weighting of the studies, and the random-effects model was used to analyse data. To determine the association between NoV infection and gastroenteritis in children, pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed for case-control studies. The pooled prevalence of NoV infection among 12,0531 children with gastroenteritis from 45 countries across the world was 17.7% (95% CI: 16.3%-19.2%). There were 28 studies with a case-control design, and the pooled prevalence of NoV infection among 11,954 control subjects was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.1%-8.8%). The pooled OR of the association of NoV infection and gastroenteritis was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.2-3.4).The most common NoV genotypes were GII.4 (59.3%) and GII.

Is Human Bocavirus Infection Associated with Gastroenteritis in Children? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Furthermore, Mehrdad et al reported that the significant age category in HBoV-positive samples was between 1 and 2 years old and have concluded that the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract infection with HBoV occurs precisely in the age range of digestive illnesses resulted from rotavirus (85). Our findings also matched several reviews focused on global norovirus (NoV) prevalence, demonstrating that most pediatric NoV-associated gastroenteritis occurred in children under two years of age (86,87). Taken together, childhood gastroenteritis caused by…”

Etiological and Epidemiological of Viral Diarrhea Among Children Under the Age of Five in Shenyang From 2018 to 2020

“…It's worth noting that the number of cases of rotavirus had a downtrend but the calicivirus had an upward trend. Although no data were available on rotavirus vaccination rates among children in Shenyang, with the coverage of the rotavirus vaccine, the number of diarrhea deaths attributable to rotavirus had already declined and a subsequent increase in calicivirus (norovirus)-associated viral diarrhea was observed [14]. Suggesting that we should pay more attention to the impact of calicivirus on infants and young children.…”

Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses

“…GI is comprised of 9 genotypes and GII is comprised of 27 genotypes [121]. GII strains account for ~90% of infections and occur earlier in life than GI infections [122,123]. Infection follows a fecal-oral route, with infection possible with small amounts of virion exposure [124][125][126][127].…”

“…Young children are most at risk of infection and severe disease. Peak infection rates occur during the first two years of life with studies reporting >30 infecting genotypes in children under 18 years old and 22 genotypes in children ≤5 years old [122,123,137]. Globally, GII strains account for >90% of infections [122,123].…”