Global population-level association between herpes simplex virus 2 prevalence and HIV prevalence

Kouyoumjian, Silva P.; Heijnen, Marieke; Chaabna, Karima; Mumtaz, Ghina R.; Omori, Ryosuke; Vickerman, Peter; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001828

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…For FSW populations with HSV-2 prevalence ≥ 50%, HIV prevalence was higher and often exceeded 10%. Our findings based on analysis of empirical data substantiate mathematical modeling analyses predicting quantitatively such an association 8,9 , which also appears to exist for other populations 20 . The modeling analyses simulating HSV-2 and HIV propagation along diverse sexual networks demonstrated that HSV-2 prevalence ≥ 50% is indicative of substantial sexual risk behavior, sufficient to sustain large HIV epidemics in a sexual network 9 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In total, 77 reports comprising 231 paired HSV-2 and HIV prevalence measures among FSWs, from 40 countries, were eligible for inclusion. These contributed to the database generated through our earlier systematic review 20 As the focus of this work is on examining the association between the two infections, it was pre-decided to restrict the analysis to settings where HIV has been introduced; we therefore excluded 37 paired measures with zero HIV prevalence from further analysis. After excluding measures with zero HIV prevalence, analysis was performed on a total of 194 paired measures from 33 countries ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motivated by the concept of using current HSV-2 prevalence in a population as a proxy biomarker of future HIV prevalence in that population 8,9,20 and its relevance to HIV preparedness, this study assessed the utility of HSV-2 as a predictor of HIV epidemic potential among FSWs through a global systematic analysis of empirical paired HSV-2 and HIV prevalence measures. We found strong evidence for an association between HIV and HSV-2 prevalence, even after accounting for potential confounders such as region, temporal trend, and condom use (Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications

Chemaitelly

Weiss

Abu‐Raddad

2020

Sci Rep

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This study investigated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence utility as a predictor of HIV epidemic potential among female sex workers (FSWs) globally. We updated and analyzed a systematically-assembled database for paired HSV-2 and HIV seroprevalence measures among FSWs. The study identified 231 paired HSV-2/HIV prevalence measures from 40 countries. The pooled mean HIV prevalence using meta-analysis increased from 3.7% (95% CI 0.3–9.9%) among populations of FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence < 25% to 18.7% (95% CI 14.1–23.8%) among those with HSV-2 prevalence 75–100%. HIV prevalence was negligible in FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence ≤ 20% suggesting a threshold effect. Multivariable meta-regressions explained > 65% of HIV prevalence variation, and identified a strong positive HSV-2/HIV association. Compared to populations of FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence < 25%, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of HIV infection increased from 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.3) in those with HSV-2 prevalence 25–49%, to 13.4 (95% CI 6.1–29.9) in those with HSV-2 prevalence 75–100%. HSV-2 is a strong predictor of HIV epidemic potential among FSWs. HSV-2 prevalence of 25–49% indicates potential for intermediate-intensity HIV epidemics, with higher levels indicative of large epidemics. HSV-2 surveillance could inform HIV preparedness in countries where HIV prevalence among FSWs is still limited or at zero-level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications

Chemaitelly

Weiss

Abu‐Raddad

2020

Sci Rep

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“…This number was calculated based on a significance level of 5% and an HSV-1 seroprevalence for each age group of 88% with a 10% precision level, and an HSV-2 seroprevalence for each age group of 2% with a 4% precision level. We based the two seroprevalence figures used for the sample size calculations on previous studies conducted in different national populations living in Qatar (18,19), as well as global data (3,4,12,21). However, as there are limited to no data on HSV types 1 and 2 in Filipino and Indian populations, we set a higher precision level.…”

Section: Study Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HSV-1 is generally acquired through the oral route during childhood with mild to serious morbidity, but evidence from the United States of America (USA) and Western Europe indicates a growing sexual acquisition through oral sex (5,9,10). HSV-2 is nearly always acquired sexually and is strongly associated with HIV infection (11)(12)(13), with its prevalence patterns providing key inferences about the structure of sexual networks (14). Evidence suggests also an association between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Indian and Filipino migrant populations in Qatar: a cross-sectional survey

Nasrallah¹,

Dargham²,

Harfouche³

et al. 2020

East Mediterr Health J

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Background: The epidemiology of herpes simplex virus infections is of growing interest but information on its seroprevalence in many countries is scarce. Aims: This study aimed to measure the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in Filipino and Indian men living in Qatar. Methods: Blood serum specimens were collected from male blood donors aged ≥ 18 years in Qatar from 2013 to 2016. HerpeSelect® 1/2 and Euroline-WB assays were used to measure antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in 120 Filipino and 325 Indian men. Results: The seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 was 84.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 78.4-90.0%) in Filipino men and 48.3% (95% CI: 43.6-53.0%) in Indian men. The seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-2 was 8.3% (95% CI: 4.6-13.7%) in Filipinos and 3.7% (95% CI: 2.2-5.9%) in Indians. The seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 increased with age, but this trend was only statistically significant in Indian men (P = 0.013 and P = 0.011 respectively). Conclusions: The seroprevalence rates of herpes simplex virus-2 in Filipino and Indian men living in Qatar were similar to those found in the Philippines and India. However, the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 in Indians, while similar to that found in India, was substantially lower than that of other countries in Asia and developing countries worldwide, which needs further investigation.

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Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the Middle East and North Africa: Systematic review, meta‐analyses, and meta‐regressions

Harfouche

Alareeki

Osman

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a prevalent, sexually transmitted infection with poorly characterized prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.This study characterized HSV-2 epidemiology in MENA. HSV-2 reports were systematically reviewed as guided by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and findings were reported following PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses and metaregressions were performed to estimate pooled mean outcome measures and to assess predictors of HSV-2 antibody prevalence (seroprevalence), trends in seroprevalence, and between-study heterogeneity. In total, sixty-one overall (133 stratified) HSV-2 seroprevalence measures and two overall (four stratified) proportion measures of HSV-2 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes were extracted from 37 relevant publications. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6%-6.8%) among general populations, 13.3% (95% CI: 8.6%-18.7%) among intermediate-risk populations, 20.6% (95% CI: 5.3%-42.3%) among female sex workers, and 18.3% (95% CI: 3.9%-39.4%) among male sex workers. Compared to Fertile Crescent countries, seroprevalence was 3.39-fold (95% CI: 1.86-6.20) and 3.90-fold (95% CI:1.78-8.57) higher in Maghreb and Horn of Africa countries, respectively. Compared to studies published before 2010, seroprevalence was 1.73-fold (95% CI: 1.00-2.99) higher in studies published after 2015. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-2 detection in genital herpes was 73.8% (95% CI: 42.2%-95.9%). In conclusion, MENA has a lower HSV-2 seroprevalence than other world regions. Yet, 1 in 20 adults is chronically infected, despite conservative prevailing sexual norms. Seroprevalence may also be increasing, unlike other world regions. Findings support the need for expansion of surveillance and monitoring of HSV-2 infection in MENA.

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Global population-level association between herpes simplex virus 2 prevalence and HIV prevalence

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications

HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications

Seroprevalence of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Indian and Filipino migrant populations in Qatar: a cross-sectional survey

Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the Middle East and North Africa: Systematic review, meta‐analyses, and meta‐regressions

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