Global phylogeography of Cassiopea (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae): molecular evidence for cryptic species and multiple invasions of the Hawaiian Islands

Increasing jellyfish populations: trends in Large Marine Ecosystems

“…The assumptions and weighting factors were designed to avoid an overemphasis on invasive species. However, the invasive jellyfish accounted for in this analysis represent a conservative estimate, because it is likely that far more invasions have occurred than have been documented due to incomplete treatment, unusual life histories, and species crypsis (Holland et al, 2004;Dawson et al, 2005;Graham & Bayha, 2007). Invasive species were treated separately during analyses, allowing assessment of their contribution to the results.…”

“…For the most part, invasive species were not responsible for the observed increases reflected in the results; however, the widespread detections demonstrate that jellyfish are truly global invaders of significant concern. Thriving populations of invasive jellyfish in systems like the Mediterranean and Black Seas should serve as warnings for other ecosystems around the globe, and it is likely that far more invasions have occurred than are reported (Holland et al, 2004;Dawson et al, 2005;Graham & Bayha, 2007).…”

Jellyfish fisheries in the Americas: origin, state of the art, and perspectives on new fishing grounds

“…The bells may also be scraped (sometimes with bamboo tools) to expedite the cleaning process and remove the surface ''skin'' if there are denticulations, or washed in industrial Holland et al 2004) d Reported as non-indigenous e ? = Lychnorhiza lucerna (see Mianzan and Cornelius 1999) stirring machines.…”

“…In some cases, jellyfish have been fished simply to remove them from locations where they are a nuisance to tourism or other industries. Such efforts have proven effective in Hawaii (Hofmann and Hadfield 2002;Kelsey 2009); however, these cases involved Cassiopea spp., which are relatively sedentary (Holland et al 2004). Cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris) have also been removed in the past from canals in Florida, where they clogged the intake pipes of a nuclear power plant (Jones and Rudloe 1995).…”

A modern description ofCrambionella stuhlmanni(Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) from St Lucia Estuary, South Africa

“…observed in this study), to get a more accurate representation of morphological variation. Molecular analyses are increasingly being used in scyphozoan systematics (Dawson & Jacobs, 2001;Schroth et al, 2002;Dawson, 2003Dawson, , 2004Dawson, , 2005aHolland et al, 2004) and the decision about whether to use molecular or morphological analyses when describing species is subject to much debate (Dawson, 2005f ). Molecular data increase the number of objective characters used, which enhances the likelihood of distinguishing taxa and permits phylogenetic reconstruction, free of impractical or inappropriate morphological features (Dawson, 2004).…”