GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE WATER PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 DATABASE: MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED DURING 1968–2008 (Version 2008)

Takahashi, Timothy T.; Sutherland, Stewart C; Kozyr, Alex

doi:10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp088r

Cited by 59 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Away from the coast, modeled sea surface pCO 2 matches in situ measurements at the HOT in the central North Pacific gyre very well, on both seasonal and long-term time scales (Table 1). As continuous station measurements are sparse, spatial averages in the northwestern Pacific (NWP; 40 N-45 N, 165 E-175 E) and the central Gulf of Alaska (GOA: 50 N-55 N, 145 W-140 W) are used for both model outputs and observations from the LDEO database [Takahashi et al, 2012]. The linear trend produced by the model is consistent with observations in the NWP (Table 1).…”

Section: Comparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Locations of the five measurement sites are shown in Figure 3. pCO 2 data at the SEATS are from Sheu et al [2010]; those at the MB are from the MBARI Annual Report 2010 (http://www.mbari.org/news/ publications/pubs.html); those at the HOT are from Dore et al [2009]; and those at the NWP and GOA are from the LDEO database [Takahashi et al, 2012]. representative.…”

Section: Comparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of oceanic carbon cycle in the North Pacific from seasonal to decadal scales

Xiu

Chai

2014

JGR Oceans

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Variability of upper-ocean carbon cycle in the North Pacific during 1958-2010 period is investigated using a physical-biogeochemical model. Comparisons with in situ data from five different oceanographic environments in the South China Sea, Monterey Bay, North Pacific gyre, northwestern Pacific, and Gulf of Alaska indicate that the model usually captures observed seasonal and interannual variability in both sea surface pCO 2 and sea-air CO 2 flux. Seasonal variability of pCO 2 and CO 2 flux in the North Pacific follows the change in sea surface temperature (SST) closely with high and low values in summer and winter, respectively. Total CO 2 modifies pCO 2 seasonal pattern in an opposite manner with respect to SST, and surface wind speed modifies the magnitude of CO 2 flux variations. On interannual and decadal time scales, sea surface pCO 2 is primarily controlled by anthropogenic CO 2 , followed by modulations by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), while sea-air CO 2 flux is significantly regulated by the PDO and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). We show that anthropogenic CO 2 tends to amplify the influence on CO 2 flux from the PDO but to damp the influence from the NPGO.

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Section: Comparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Comparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of oceanic carbon cycle in the North Pacific from seasonal to decadal scales

Xiu

Chai

2014

JGR Oceans

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“…The LDEO database includes pCO 2 from discrete and continuous measurements. The most recent version of the LDEO data set has 5.2 million pCO 2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2010 (Takahashi et al, 2011).In 2001, Bakker began to assemble a surface ocean CO 2 data set by putting public data from CDIAC into a uniform format, as part of the European Union (EU) project ORFOIS (Origin and fate of biogenic particle Fluxes in the Ocean and their Interaction with the atmospheric CO 2 concentration as well as the marine Sediment). Pfeil and Olsen streamlined and expanded this effort within the EU project CarboOcean from 2005 onwards.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus for SOCAT has been the assembly of publicly available data (including metadata), standardisation of the file formats, recalculation of consistent and uniform surface water f CO 2 data, and basic and secondary level quality control (Sects. 3, 4 and 5).SOCAT is independent from the LDEO database (Takahashi et al, 2011), but has a large overlap in its original data. SOCAT only includes surface water CO 2 values, measured in near-continuous operation or in discrete samples with an equilibrator system or a spectrophotometer and reported as xCO 2 (CO 2 mixing ratio), pCO 2 or f CO 2 (Sect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Pfeil

Olsen

Bakker

et al. 2013

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

197

186

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Abstract.A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO 2 , which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO 2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO 2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades . Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO 2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO 2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities. Data coverage MotivationThe net absorption of CO 2 by the oceans, caused by rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations since the industrial revolution, has been responsible for removing CO 2 equivalent to approximately 50 % of the fossil fuel and cement manufacturing emissions or about 30 % of the total anthropogenic emissions, including land use change (Sabine et al., 2004). Because of the availability of the carbonate ion, an important species of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool, and carbonate sediments, the oceans have a tremendous CO 2 uptake capacity and will, on timescales of ten to hundred thousand years, absorb all but a small fraction of the fossil CO 2 that has been and will be emitted (Archer et al., 1997). Meanwhile the changes in ocean CO 2 uptake, relying on factors such as ocean circulation and biology, will be among the decisive factors for the evolution of future atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and climate development (e.g., Friedlingstein et al., 2006;Riebesell et al., 2009). Presently there are two types of globally coordinated efforts that seek to resolve the dynamics of ocean CO 2 uptake through observations: repeat hydrography and surface ocean CO 2 observations (Gruber et al., 2010;Sabine et al., 2010). While repeat hydrography aims to assess variations in the ocean inventory of CO 2 on decadal timescales, surface ocean observations may resolve variations on seasonal to interannual timescales due to the higher sampling frequency. This high sampling frequency has been made possible by the advent of autonomous instruments and sensors for the nearcontinuous determination o...

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“…They use 10 ocean general circulation models (Mikaloff Fletcher et al 2007) and compare these to estimates of a new climatology of the air-sea difference of the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) (Takahashi et al 2008). The two independent flux estimates yield a largely consistent description of the regional distribution of annual-mean oceanic sources and sinks for the decade of the 1990s and the early 2000s.…”

Section: Current Co 2 Sink Strength Of the Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carbon Cycle Science Update Since IPCC AR-4

Dolman

Werf

Molen

et al. 2010

AMBIO

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We review important advances in our understanding of the global carbon cycle since the publication of the IPCC AR4. We conclude that: the anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 due to fossil fuel burning have increased up through 2008 at a rate near to the high end of the IPCC emission scenarios; there are contradictory analyses whether an increase in atmospheric fraction, that might indicate a declining sink strength of ocean and/or land, exists; methane emissions are increasing, possibly through enhanced natural emission from northern wetland, methane emissions from dry plants are negligible; old-growth forest take up more carbon than expected from ecological equilibrium reasoning; tropical forest also take up more carbon than previously thought, however, for the global budget to balance, this would imply a smaller uptake in the northern forest; the exchange fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean are increasingly better understood and bottom up and observation-based top down estimates are getting closer to each other; the North Atlantic and Southern ocean take up less CO 2 , but it is unclear whether this is part of the 'natural' decadal scale variability; large-scale fires and droughts, for instance in Amazonia, but also at Northern latitudes, have lead to significant decreases in carbon uptake on annual timescales; the extra uptake of CO 2 stimulated by increased N-deposition is, from a greenhouse gas forcing perspective, counterbalanced by the related additional N 2 O emissions; the amount of carbon stored in permafrost areas appears much (two times) larger than previously thought; preservation of existing marine ecosystems could require a CO 2 stabilization as low as 450 ppm; Dynamic Vegetation Models show a wide divergence for future carbon trajectories, uncertainty in the process description, lack of understanding of the CO 2 fertilization effect and nitrogen-carbon interaction are major uncertainties.

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GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE WATER PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 DATABASE: MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED DURING 1968–2008 (Version 2008)

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Variability of oceanic carbon cycle in the North Pacific from seasonal to decadal scales

Variability of oceanic carbon cycle in the North Pacific from seasonal to decadal scales

A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

A Carbon Cycle Science Update Since IPCC AR-4

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GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE WATER PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 DATABASE: MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED DURING 1968–2008 (Version 2008)

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Variability of oceanic carbon cycle in the North Pacific from seasonal to decadal scales

Variability of oceanic carbon cycle in the North Pacific from seasonal to decadal scales

A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Atlas (SOCAT)

A Carbon Cycle Science Update Since IPCC AR-4

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)