Global ionosonde and GPS radio occultation sporadic-E intensity and height comparison

Colman, Jonah J.; Nava, O.; Emmons, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105200

Cited by 18 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…where the TEC perturbation is divided by an effective path length of 176 km corresponding to an effective path through a cylinder with a vertical thickness of ∆R = 0.6 km located at a radial distance R from the center of Earth [26]. The effective path length is derived from an assumed geometry of a cylinder centered around the tangent point [31].…”

Section: Gooch Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of directly comparing ionograms and GPS-RO crossings within a short time window (e.g., 30 min between ionogram and crossing as outlined in Ref. [26]), here we compare rates averaged over TOD for the areas surrounding each ionosonde site. A direct comparison of each GPS-RO crossing within 170 km of a site certainly has merit as it ensures the measurements are taken at nearly the same time and location.…”

Section: Comparison Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the patchy nature of E s clouds, simultaneous ionosonde and GPS-RO measurements can sample different parts of the cloud and provide varying results (see the discussion in Ref. [26]). As an alternative approach, here we use all Digisonde measurements at a particular site over a season to calculate the OR averaged over TOD.…”

Section: Comparison Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the search for accurate GPS-RO methods for estimating sporadic-E ORs associated with fbEs ≥ 3 MHz and for all fbEs measurements without a lower limit on intensity, five GPS-RO techniques [22][23][24][25][26] are compared to ionosonde measurements over an eight year period between 2010 and 2017. For this comparison, data from the digital ionosonde brand Digisonde as presented in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Measurements

2022

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Sporadic-E (Es) occurrence rates from Global Position Satellite radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements have shown to vary by a factor of five between studies, motivating the need for a comparison with ground-based measurements. In an attempt to find accurate GPS-RO techniques for detecting Es formation, occurrence rates derived using five previously developed GPS-RO techniques are compared to ionosonde measurements over an eight-year period from 2010–2017. GPS-RO measurements within 170 km of a ionosonde site are used to calculate Es occurrence rates and compared to the ground-truth ionosonde measurements. The techniques are compared individually for each ionosonde site and then combined to determine the most accurate GPS-RO technique for two thresholds on sporadic-E intensity: no lower limit and fbEs ≥3 MHz. Overall, the YuS4 method shows the closest agreement with ionosonde measurements for total Es occurrence rates without a lower limit on intensity, while the phase-based Chu technique shows the closest agreement for fbEs ≥3 MHz. This analysis demonstrates that the variation in GPS-RO derived sporadic-E occurrence rates is due to varying thresholds on the sporadic-E intensities in terms of fbEs.

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Section: Gooch Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Measurements

2022

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“…GPS radio occultation (RO) measurements provide a dense set of global measurements and have recently been used to estimate global E s occurrence rates [29,30,33,34]. However, the direct relationship between GPS-RO measurements to sporadic-E parameters and intensity are difficult to determine because of the unknown length, orientation, and vertical thickness of the sporadic-E layers [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Seasonal foEs and fbEs Occurrence Rates Derived from Global Digisonde Measurements

et al. 2021

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A global climatology of sporadic-E occurrence rates (ORs) based on ionosonde measurements is presented for the peak blanketing frequency, fbEs, and the ordinary mode peak frequency of the layer, foEs. ORs are calculated for a variety of sporadic-E frequency thresholds: no lower limit, 3, 5, and 7 MHz. Seasonal rates are calculated from 64 Digisonde sites during the period 2006–2020 using ionograms either manually or automatically scaled with ARTIST-5. Both foEs and fbEs ORs peak in the Northern Hemisphere during the boreal summer, with a decrease by roughly a factor of 2–3 in fbEs rates relative to foEs rates without a lower threshold on the sporadic-E intensity. This ratio of foEs to fbEs OR increases with increasing sporadic-E intensity, up to a factor of 5 for the 7 MHz threshold. An asymmetry is observed with the Southern Hemisphere peaks during the austral summer, with slightly lower rates compared with the Northern Hemisphere during the boreal summer. A drastic decrease in ORs is observed for the higher intensity thresholds, such that the fbEs occurrence rates for 7 MHz are nearly zero during most locations and seasons. These updated occurrence rates can be used for future statistical comparisons with GPS radio occultation-based sporadic-E occurrence rates.

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Comparative study of ionospheric sporadic E occurrence rates using SNRnstd and S4 derived from GPS radio occultation

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2023

GPS Solut

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Global ionosonde and GPS radio occultation sporadic-E intensity and height comparison

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

A Comparison of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Measurements

A Comparison of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Measurements

Comparison of Seasonal foEs and fbEs Occurrence Rates Derived from Global Digisonde Measurements

Comparative study of ionospheric sporadic E occurrence rates using SNRnstd and S4 derived from GPS radio occultation

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