Global incidence of helminthic contamination of vegetables, cucurbits and fruits: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Eslahi, Aida Vafae; Olfatifar, Meysam; Karim, Robiul; AbuOdeh, Raed; Modirian, Ehsan; Houshmand, Elham; Abdoli, Amir; Samimi, Rasoul; Sotoodeh, Simin; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Hajialilo, Elham; Hashemipour, Sima; Badri, Milad

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108582

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It has been documented that the consumption of wild meat (bushmeat) has a direct relationship with poverty and low‐income communities, where is a lack of sanitary drinking water sources, sanitation and hygiene (Badri et al., 2022 ; Eslahi et al., 2021 ; Kouassi et al., 2019 ; Maleki et al., 2020 ; Prüss‐Ustün et al., 2014 ; Van Velden et al., 2020 ). Also, water hygienic interventions in low‐ and low‐middle‐income settings, which place less emphasis on limiting animal faeces exposure in water sources, help to maintain parasitic remains and provide the water‐borne cycle (Delahoy et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was implemented for quality assessment of the included studies (Supplementary Table S1 ) (Modesti et al., 2016 ). Scoring was based on three following items: selection (maximum of 5 stars), comparability (maximum of 2 stars) and outcome (maximum of 3 stars) (Badri et al., 2022 ; Eslahi et al., 2021 ; Eslahi et al., 2022 ; Mirzadeh et al., 2021 )…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Badri

Olfatifar

KarimiPourSaryazdi

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Spirometra infection is aneglected food-and waterborne disease with worldwide distribution.Objectives: The present study aims to estimate the global prevalence of Spirometra species in snakes, frogs, dogs and cats. Methods: Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literatures published up to March 2022.Results: Among 131 data sets (including 113 articles) that met the inclusion, 15 investigations reported Spirometra infection in snakes, 23 in frogs, 41 in dogs and 52 in cats.The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) in intermediate hosts and definitive hosts was found to be 0.313% and 0.089%, respectively. Based on continent, the infection was most prevalent in Asia for studies on snakes (0.696%) and frogs (0.181%), while Africa (0.224%) and Oceania (0.203%) were the regions with the highest pooled prevalence rates of the infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest pooled prevalence was related to morphological method for studies on snakes, frog and cats with rate of 0.665%, 0.189% and 0.104%, respectively. Regarding studies on dogs, the highest pooled prevalence was observed for molecular technique (0.101%). Conclusions:The results presented here revealed the importance of establishing a prevention and control measure focused on protection of aquaculture systems from being contaminated with faeces of dogs and cats, and raising awareness of parasitic zoonotic diseases to decrease the transmission risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Badri

Olfatifar

KarimiPourSaryazdi

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…In addition, the increase in the global vegetable trade and changes in eating habits with the increase in meals away from home or delivered by apps, in addition to the demand for ready-to-eat foods such as peeled and portioned vegetables, further favor the transmission risk of these diseases [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the stage of vegetable cultivation is probably the main source of contamination, other factors influence the contamination of vegetables during the production chain: improper handling under low hygienic conditions, low quality of water used in post-harvest cleaning, transportation, contaminated equipment and temperature abuse in storage, product display at the point of sale and even handling in the home kitchen are stages sensitive to contamination and require intensification of health surveillance strategies [ 3 – 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of sanitization protocols in removing parasites in vegetables: A protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Parasitic contamination of vegetables is a public health problem in several countries and a challenge for food safety. With a short path from the field to the table, these foods can suffer several flaws in the good practices of production, transport and packaging which culminate in an offer of contaminated food to consumers. Therefore, this study describes a systematic review protocol with meta-analysis on evaluating the effectiveness of existing sanitation methods in removing parasites from vegetables. Methods The study will be conducted from published studies that report analyzes of parasites in vegetables before and after sanitization processes. The MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, FSTA, LILACS, Scopus and AGRIS electronic databases will be used. In addition, manual searches will be carried out through related articles, references to included articles and directories of theses and dissertations. The primary outcome will be the reduction or absence of parasitic forms in vegetables after the intervention or combined interventions, and the secondary outcomes will include: identification of the main parasites, assessment of the time required for processing and cost-effectiveness analysis. Two authors will independently screen the studies and extract data. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion, and a third reviewer will decide if there is no consensus. The criteria established by the Cochrane Manual (with some adaptations) will be used to assess the risk of bias in the studies and if the results are considered acceptable and sufficiently homogeneous, and a meta-analysis will be performed to synthesize the findings. Discussion The systematic review produced from this protocol will provide evidence on the effectiveness of sanitation protocols for removing parasitic forms in vegetables and will contribute to strengthening food safety, with the adoption of best sanitation practices and prevention of health risks. In addition, the study may highlight possible knowledge gaps that need to be filled with new research. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020206929.

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“…Similarly, a study conducted in Ethiopia and neighboring country showed habit of eating unwashed fruit or raw vegetable had shown a strong association with parasitic infection [ 4 , 47 ]. This finding highlights unwashed fruit and vegetables as a potential source of IPIs infection due to the high rate of contamination with Intestinal parasite [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of compliance to Hand hygiene during COVID-19 on intestinal parasitic infection and intensity of soil transmitted helminthes, among patients attending general hospital, southern Ethiopia: Observational study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the major health problems in Sub -Saharan Africa where water, sanitation and hygiene practices are inadequate. Taking into account the national level implementation of intensive hand hygiene against COVID-19 pandemic and general protective effect this study assessed its effect on intestinal parasite.ObjectiveThis study aim to investigate the effect of compliance to hand hygiene practice on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) and intensity of Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) among patients attending tertiary care hospital in southern Ethiopia.MethodsObservational study was conducted from June to September 2021. Data on socio demographic, hand hygiene practice and intestinal parasite (prevalence and intensity of helminthic infection) was collected from randomly selected and consented patients. Compliance to hand hygiene practice was assessed using pre-tested questionnaire. Fresh stool sample from each participant was examined by direct wet mount, concentration and Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) staining technique to detect intestinal parasite. Intensity of STH measurements was done through direct egg-count per gram using Kato Katz methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure association and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe study population (N = 264) consisted of 139(52.65%) male and 125 (47.34%) female with the mean ages of 36 ±16.12(±SD). The proportion of good compliance to hand hygiene during COVID-19 to was 43.93% (95%CI: 37% to 47) and prevalence of intestinal parasite was 26.14% (95%CI:21.2% to 31.75) comprising 23.48% intestinal protozoa and 6.43% of soil transmitted helminthic infection.Gardia lamblia,Entamoeba histolytica/dispar,Ascaris lumbricoideswere the common parasite in the study area with prevalence of 15.53%, 6.44%, and 1.52% respectively. Prevalence of intestinal parasite among participants with good compliance to hand hygiene group and poor compliance to hand hygiene were (14.65% vs. 35.13%)(AOR: 0.48,95%CI:0.13 to 0.68) (p = 0.002) implying that good compliance to hand hygiene can reduce the risk of IPIs by 52%. Moreover significantly lower odds of intestinal protozoa among good compliance to hand hygiene group than the control (OR:0.38; (95%CI: 0.20 to 0.71);P = 0.001. However, no significant difference in the odds of intensity of STH infection in good compliance hand hygiene and poor compliance group. The result of this study also confirmed the association between intestinal parasitic infections and younger /adolescent age, education status, habit of eating raw vegetable and figure nail status.ConclusionGood hand hygiene compliance during COVID-19 significantly associated with reduction of intestinal parasitic infection. This finding highlights the secondary protective effect of improved hand hygiene against IPIs and suggest it can used in augmenting the existing parasitic control strategies in the study setting.

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Global incidence of helminthic contamination of vegetables, cucurbits and fruits: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Efficacy of sanitization protocols in removing parasites in vegetables: A protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis

The effect of compliance to Hand hygiene during COVID-19 on intestinal parasitic infection and intensity of soil transmitted helminthes, among patients attending general hospital, southern Ethiopia: Observational study

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