Global heat and salt transports by eddy movement

Dong, Changming; McWilliams, James C.; Liu, Yu; Chen, Dake

doi:10.1038/ncomms4294

Cited by 394 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…cause heat and salt transports (Qiu and Chen, 2005;Volkov et al, 2008;Dong et al, 2014), and eddy-induced zonal mass transport is comparable in magnitude with that of largescale circulation (Zhang et al, 2014). Mesoscale eddies modulate nutrient flux into the euphotic zone through vertical and horizontal transport (Falkowski et al, 1991;Aristegui et al, 1997;Crawford et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy characteristics in the South Indian Ocean as inferred from surface drifters

Zheng

Li³

et al. 2015

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. Using a geometric eddy identification method, cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies from submesoscale to mesoscale in the South Indian Ocean (SIO) have been statistically investigated based on 2082 surface drifters from 1979 to 2013. A total of 19 252 eddies are identified, 60 % of them anticyclonic eddies. For the submesoscale eddies (radius r < 10 km), the ratio of cyclonic eddies (3183) to anticyclonic eddies (7182) is 1 to 2. In contrast, the number of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies with radius r ≥ 10 km is almost equal. Mesoscale and submesoscale eddies show different spatial distributions. Eddies with radius r ≥100 km mainly appear in the Leeuwin Current, a band along 25 • S, Mozambique Channel, and Agulhas Current, areas characterized by large eddy kinetic energy. The submesoscale anticyclonic eddies are densely distributed in the subtropical basin in the central SIO. The number of mesoscale eddies shows statistically significant seasonal variability, reaching a maximum in October and minimum in February.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy characteristics in the South Indian Ocean as inferred from surface drifters

Zheng

Li³

et al. 2015

Ocean Sci.

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“…These nonlinear mesoscale eddies trap water into their cores and participate to the general mixing and redistribution of physical and bio-geochemical properties from the coastal regions to the open ocean [Logerwell and Smith, 2001;Barton and Ar ıstegui, 2004;Rubio et al, 2009;Morales et al, 2012;Dong et al, 2014]. Along their paths, they can also modulate the biogeochemistry and ocean productivity [Correa-Ramirez et al, 2007;Marchesiello and Estrade, 2007;Gruber et al, 2011;Stramma et al, 2013;Mahadevan, 2014] but also impact the overlaying atmosphere interactions affecting heat fluxes at the sea-air interface, winds, cloud cover and precipitations [Morrow and Le Traon, 2012;Frenger et al, 2013;Mahadevan, 2014;Villas Bôas et al, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main eddy vertical structures observed in the four major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems

2015

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In the four major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS), mesoscale eddies are known to modulate the biological productivity and transport near‐coastal seawater properties toward the offshore ocean, however little is known about their main characteristics and vertical structure. This study combines 10 years of satellite‐altimetry data and Argo float profiles of temperature and salinity, and our main goals are (i) to describe the main surface characteristics of long‐lived eddies formed in each EBUS and their evolution, and (ii) to depict the main vertical structure of the eddy‐types that coexist in these regions. A clustering analysis of the Argo profiles surfacing within the long‐lived eddies of each EBUS allows us to determine the proportion of surface and subsurface‐intensified eddies in each region, and to describe their vertical structure in terms of temperature, salinity and dynamic height anomalies. In the Peru‐Chile Upwelling System, 55% of the sampled anticyclonic eddies (AEs) have subsurface‐intensified maximum temperature and salinity anomalies below the seasonal pycnocline, whereas 88% of the cyclonic eddies (CEs) are surface‐intensified. In the California Upwelling System, only 30% of the AEs are subsurface‐intensified and all of the CEs show maximum anomalies above the pycnocline. In the Canary Upwelling System, ∼40% of the AEs and ∼60% of the CEs are subsurface‐intensified with maximum anomalies extending down to 800 m depth. Finally, the Benguela Upwelling System tends to generate ∼40–50% of weak surface‐intensified eddies and ∼50–60% of much stronger subsurface‐intensified eddies with a clear geographical distribution. The mechanisms involved in the observed eddy vertical shapes are discussed.

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“…Mesoscale eddy is ubiquitous in the world ocean, playing important roles in the ocean general circulation, mixing, and transport of heat, salt, water mass, momentum, nutrients and biological species [1][2][3][4]. Utilizing remote sensing data, surface-intensified eddy properties, such as distribution, size, amplitude, polarity, lifetime, etc., have been relatively clear [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of an Extra-Large Subsurface Anticyclonic Eddy in the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Nan¹,

Yu²,

Wei³

et al. 2017

J Marine Sci Res Dev

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An extra-large subsurface anticyclonic eddy (SAE) with horizontal scale of 470 km was detected in the northwestern Pacific subtropical gyre by in situ measurements in October 2014. The SAE exhibited a lens-shaped vertical structure with shoaling of the seasonal thermocline and deepening of the main thermocline. Consequently, the water in the eddy core was colder above 200 m and warmer below 200 m than the surrounding waters with maximum temperature anomalies of -1.2°C and 3.5°C located at ~100 m and ~450 m depths, respectively. The central water mass of the SAE was characterized as low potential vorticity water, i.e., the north Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW). Swirl velocity of the SAE was directly observed by ship-mounted ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers). The maximum azimuthal velocity reached 0.35 ms -1 near a 110 km radius at ~ 200 m depth, which was comparable with the maximum velocity of the northward Kuroshio east of Taiwan at the same depth. Threedimensional structure and evolutionary process of the SAE were also presented using Argo float profile data as well as the satellite altimeter data. The results indicated that the SAE was generated in the region of the STMW in February, then propagated westward over 1500 km at a mean speed of ~0.06 ms -1 and finally disappeared east of Taiwan in December, transporting ~0.5 Sv (Sv=10 6 m 3 s -1 ) STMW..

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Global heat and salt transports by eddy movement

Cited by 394 publications

References 14 publications

Eddy characteristics in the South Indian Ocean as inferred from surface drifters

Eddy characteristics in the South Indian Ocean as inferred from surface drifters

Main eddy vertical structures observed in the four major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems

Observations of an Extra-Large Subsurface Anticyclonic Eddy in the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Gyre

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