“…On the other hand, other papers [Farrell, Katz, 2000;Becchetti, Paganetto, 2001] show that if a monopolist cannot duplicate the entrants' innovations at a reasonable cost, then it may have strong incentives to try to state to entrants that it will not enter the market for complements to stimulate the competitive efforts of independent suppliers of the complementary product. lysis should look beyond the effects of horizontal competition on consumers or total welfare towards to include the influence of value chain design on the generation and distribution of value [Lianos, 2017]. In the latter dimension, one important issue is vertical competition as an ability of the participants in the chain to upgrade and receive a fair part of the overall amount of value generated.…”