Global feminization through flexible labor

Standing, Guy

doi:10.1016/0305-750x(89)90170-8

Cited by 506 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

277

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Semi-industrialized economies that emphasize export manufacturing have experienced a rise in the female share of employment, especially in the early phases of industrialization. Women have been largely 'crowded' into labor-intensive export manufacturing, facing both explicit and implicit restrictions on their access to more skillintensive jobs in non-tradeable fix-price industries 4 (Nam 1991;Hsiung 1996;Standing 1989Standing , 1999Mehra and Gammage 1999;Ozler 2000). 5 Women provide a cost advantage to firms facing severe cost competition from other export-oriented economies.…”

Section: Gender and Job Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employment has become increasingly flexible in the recent process of globalization as employers attempt to reduce costs (Standing 1989(Standing , 1999. A notable trend is the expanded use of women as subcontracted or home workers in manufacturing.…”

Section: Gender and Conditions Of Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some evidence of a narrowing of gender wage gaps in some countries (Tzannatos 1999;World Bank 2001;Oostendorp 2004), 16 although in other countries, gaps have widened (Standing 1989(Standing , 1999Mehra and Gammage 1999;Artecona and Cunningham 2002;UNRISD 2005). The case of the East Asian 'tigers' is instructive.…”

Section: Gender Wages and Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Seguino

Grown

2006

J of Intl Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the evidence of gender effects of globalization in developing economies. It then outlines a set of macroeconomic and trade policies to promote gender equity in the distribution of resources. The evidence suggests that while liberalization has expanded women's access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming gender inequalities remains unmet and appears unattainable without regulation of capital, and a reorientation and expansion of the state's role in funding public goods and providing s a social safety net. This paper sets forth some general principles that can produce greater gender equality, premised on shifting economies from profit-led, export-oriented to wage-led, full-employment economies. The framework is Kaleckian in its focus on the relationship between the gender distribution of income and macroeconomic outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Gender and Job Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gender and Conditions Of Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Seguino

Grown

2006

J of Intl Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even if male-intensive sectors benefit most from increased openness, FLFP may rise in equilibrium since men might leave female-intensive industries to take up new jobs in the export sector, thereby opening up employment opportunities for women (Sauré and Zoabi, 2009). 1 The process might be accelerated by structural adjustment programs that were often implemented in the course of increased openness since the accompanied increase in labor market flexibility would make it easier for firms to substitute women for men (Standing, 1989;Çağaty and Özler, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization and Female Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries: An Empirical (Re-)Assessment

Wacker¹,

Cooray

Gaddis

2017

Globalization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractWe investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade, as two measures of globalization, on female labor force participation in a sample of 80 developing countries over the last decades. Contrary to the mainstream view in the literature, which is mainly based on country-case studies or simple cross-country variation, we find that both, FDI and trade have a generally negative impact on female labor force participation. While the impact is of negligible economic size, it is stronger for younger cohorts, potentially reflecting a higher incentive to stay out of the labor force and invest in education in view of an increased skill premium due to globalization.We also find that the direction of the effect depends on the industrial structure of the economy. This suggests that there is no evidence of a (conditional) anti-female bias in multinational corporations' factor demand once one controls for the interaction of FDI with the size of the agricultural sector. We can thereby explain why country studies find other effects and question the generalization of their results into an overarching globalization tale concerning female labor force participation.

show abstract

“…The uneven spatial outcomes of the highly selective processes of flexible accumulation characteristic of late capitalism result in reshaped divisions of labour at global, local, and national levels. Moreover, the restructuring associated with these production changes is paralleled by restructuring of social relations, including gender relations, as labour markets recruit specific age, ethnic, religious, and gender groups (Pearson, 1988;Sabate-Martinez, 1996;Standing, 1989). Flexible accumulation depends upon-and, indeed, under certain circumstances creates-new forms of labour arrangements in enterprises, as well as forging innovative forms of social relations beyond the factory gates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latina Labour: Restructuring of Work and Renegotiations of Gender Relations in Contemporary Latin America

Radcliffe¹

1999

Environ Plan A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Latina labour: restructuring of work and renegotiations of gender relations in contemporary Latin America 1 Introduction Throughout the world, the late 20th century has seen restructuring of production, reworking of labour arrangements, and the uneven distribution of their profits and costs. The uneven spatial outcomes of the highly selective processes of flexible accumulation characteristic of late capitalism result in reshaped divisions of labour at global, local, and national levels. Moreover, the restructuring associated with these production changes is paralleled by restructuring of social relations, including gender relations, as labour markets recruit specific age, ethnic, religious, and gender groups (Pearson, 1988;Sabate-Martinez, 1996;Standing, 1989). Flexible accumulation depends upon-and, indeed, under certain circumstances creates-new forms of labour arrangements in enterprises, as well as forging innovative forms of social relations beyond the factory gates. Yet, if gender relations are 'flexible' in such situations, there are questions to be raised about the degree to which women and men have the agency to engage in the forging of new, more egalitarian, relations. What makes gender relations 'flexible' under processes of adjustment, crisis, and restructuring? If global dynamics are not sufficient in themselves to explain local level transformations (Christopherson, 1994), then Latin American countries, regions, and local communities should be expected to give rise to diverse outcomes of the uneven, yet pervasive, processes of change.Despite the large literature on the impacts of factory-based peripheral Fordism on labour and gender relations in Southeast Asia, there is relatively little work which examines the gendered nature of restructuring as a broad field of socioeconomic change encompassing such things as the adjustment of economies (including planned structural adjustment programmes, SAPs, or ad-hoc adjustments by governments and enterprises) and the diverse 'heterodox 5 policies followed over the past fifteen years in various developing economies (compare Connelly et al, 1995). It is precisely such a diverse and broad range of adjustments that has brought about the restructuring of Latin American labour markets and economies in recent years. Research on Latin American gender divisions of labour has often focused on two groups of women, namely women in factory-based manufacturing, and those in the informal sector. As Laurie notes (1998), such work prioritises certain workers while ignoring others, but also, we might add, ignores the broader social field within which the (male and female) workers' lives are constituted. Research in other areas of the world testifies to the simultaneous repatterning of gender relations in the factory, in the household, and in kinship relations (for example, Wolf, 1992). As yet, the impact on gender relations of the rise of restructuring economies in Latin America has received less attention, in part because of the later adoption of neoliberal paradigms by the ...

show abstract

Global feminization through flexible labor

Cited by 506 publications

References 1 publication

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries

Globalization and Female Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries: An Empirical (Re-)Assessment

Latina Labour: Restructuring of Work and Renegotiations of Gender Relations in Contemporary Latin America

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About