Global Environmental Forest Policies

McDermott, Constance L.; Cashore, Benjamin; Kanowski, Peter

doi:10.4324/9781849774925

Cited by 121 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…And, as Cashore and Stone () hypothesize, because many developing countries have relatively prescriptive, but unenforced written standards (McDermott et al . ), LV's efforts to help domestic countries achieve compliance with domestic legal standards, may simply lead governments to “ratchet down” domestic requirements in order to make it easier for their companies and managers to meet international demands. Or, there may be, as Bartley theorizes in this volume (Bartley, ), simultaneous countervailing effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DoesCalifornia needDelaware? ExplainingIndonesian,Chinese, andUnitedStates support for legality compliance of internationally traded products

Cashore

Stone

2014

Regulation & Governance

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The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the emergence and institutionalization of a unique form of transnational business governance (TBG): legality verification (LV) systems, which track products along global supply chains. Instead of imposing wide ranging global standards commonly applied through "gold standard" certification systems, LV helps domestic governments enforce their own laws. Three processes help explain why Indonesia (as a producer), China (as a manufacturer) and the United States (as a consumer) moved, in the 2000s, from lukewarm interest or opposition to formalized support: how triggers enabled by economic interdependence are pulled; how ceding of instrument/process state sovereignty may reinforce substantive sovereignty; and historical institutional processes that shift organizational interests and problem definitions. Looking backward, the empirical results are consistent with a "Delaware effect" in which economic globalization is asserted to lead to a "ratcheting down" of environmental and social standards. Looking forward, we theorize about, and identify the conditions through which, widespread coalitions in support of the institution of LV, may pave the way for a "ratcheting up" process that is consistent with, but nuances, Vogel's "California effect."

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DoesCalifornia needDelaware? ExplainingIndonesian,Chinese, andUnitedStates support for legality compliance of internationally traded products

Cashore

Stone

2014

Regulation & Governance

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“…The advantage of spatial planning is that it allows the landscape-scale combination of distinct forest land-use categories, including protected and production forest lands, to better achieve both conservation and economic goals (Côté et al 2010;Naumov et al 2018). However, there are obstacles to implementing landscape-level management (Pawson et al 2013), especially in regions, like southern Sweden, that are managed by hundreds of thousands of small-scale private forest owners (McDermott et al 2010;Gustafsson et al 2015). Furthermore, offsetting per se involves additional challenges (Maron et al 2012), and reveals additional knowledge gaps (Table 1).…”

Section: Stewardshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…buffer zones, old large trees, dead wood) within production stands Simonsson 2016). Although the specifics vary, multi-scale conservation is applied on several continents, from the temperate forests of Tasmania, South America and the Pacific NW of USA, to the boreal forests of Northern Europe and Canada (Gustafsson and Perhans 2010;McDermott et al 2010). A central premise is that since species vary in the spatial scale of their habitat requirements, and capacity to persist in non-protected areas, when used in combination protected and non-protected areas should more efficiently sustain viable populations of species (Lindenmayer and Franklin 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping pace with forestry: Multi-scale conservation in a changing production forest matrix

Felton¹,

Löfroth²,

Angelstam

et al. 2019

Ambio

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The multi-scale approach to conserving forest biodiversity has been used in Sweden since the 1980s, a period defined by increased reserve area and conservation actions within production forests. However, two thousand forest-associated species remain on Sweden's red-list, and Sweden's 2020 goals for sustainable forests are not being met. We argue that ongoing changes in the production forest matrix require more consideration, and that multiscale conservation must be adapted to, and integrated with, production forest development. To make this case, we summarize trends in habitat provision by Sweden's protected and production forests, and the variety of ways silviculture can affect biodiversity. We discuss how different forestry trajectories affect the type and extent of conservation approaches needed to secure biodiversity, and suggest leverage points for aiding the adoption of diversified silviculture. Sweden's long-term experience with multi-scale conservation and intensive forestry provides insights for other countries trying to conserve species within production landscapes.

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“…This illegal activity is attributed primarily to governance problems related to a lack of resources and capacities and/or to an imprecise or inappropriate legislative framework, e.g., in case of conflict with customary rules. 10 In fact, and as clearly stated in the EU Timber Action Plan itself (EC 2003), these conditions are typical of forest production across much of the developing world, where forest tenure and use rights are unclear, forestry laws are highly complex and restrictive, and many communities lack legal recognition of their customary laws and tenure arrangements (McDermott et al 2010).…”

Section: Parameter-setting: the Governance Of The Eutrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating international biodiversity law principles and rights perspective into the European Union Timber Regulation

Ituarte-Lima

Dupraz-Ardiot

McDermott

2019

Int Environ Agreements

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This article assesses the synergies and conflicts between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR), and the potential role of the CBD principles and rights perspective in improving coherence across these diverse forest-related agreements. We find that both the EUTR, which aims to eliminate illegal wood from EU supply chains, and the CBD, with its core focus on biodiversity and healthy ecosystems, share the stated goals of safeguarding biodiversity and local livelihoods. However, the principle of inclusive governance and sustainable use embedded in the CBD conflicts with the EUTR. The EUTR focus on law enforcement asserts the primacy of state laws independently of their sustainability content and alignment with international human rights law. We find that the EUTR risks reinforcing legal frameworks that preference large-scale export production over local forest access, use and benefits. Better aligning the EUTR with CBD safeguards firstly requires opening-up the EUTR rule-making process to broader engagement with affected groups. Secondly, our analysis of both the procedural and substantive dimensions of the EUTR and the CBD safeguards, suggests that opportunities for better alignment lie in the nexus between procedural rights, of which law enforcement forms part of a broader vision of rule of law and conflict resolution, and the strengthening of substantive rights that benefit local forest use and conservation.

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Global Environmental Forest Policies

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

DoesCalifornia needDelaware? ExplainingIndonesian,Chinese, andUnitedStates support for legality compliance of internationally traded products

DoesCalifornia needDelaware? ExplainingIndonesian,Chinese, andUnitedStates support for legality compliance of internationally traded products

Keeping pace with forestry: Multi-scale conservation in a changing production forest matrix

Incorporating international biodiversity law principles and rights perspective into the European Union Timber Regulation

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