Global effects of subchronic treatment of microcystin-LR on rat splenetic protein levels

Involvement of oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption in microcystin-induced apoptosis in CIK cells

“…Previous studies also determined transcriptional changes of some cytoskeletal genes in liver, kidney, spleen, and testis of rats treated with MCs (Hao et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2013). Many proteomic studies have stated the effects of MC-LR on the abundance of cytoskeletal protein (Mezhoud et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2010;Malécot et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013). MC-LR exposure can significantly affect cytoskeleton organization, which could be either the cause or the result of altered expression of cytoskeletal genes.…”

“…Ding et al (2000b) suggested that intracellular glutathione (GSH) played an important role in MC-induced cytotoxicity and cytoskeleton changes in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Previous transcriptomic (Rogers et al, 2011) and proteomic studies (Mezhoud et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2010;Malécot et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013) also indicated that many proteins altered by MCs exposure were involved in cytoskeleton assembly and oxidative stress. However, the role of excessive production of ROS in this biological process has not been fully elucidated.…”

A review of reproductive toxicity of microcystins

“…For MCs, a number of studies have reported 'omics' analyses with multiple organisms, such as toxicogenomics (genomics applied to toxicology) [166][167][168][169][170][171], proteomics [32,36,144,145,[171][172][173][174] and metabolomics [139,[175][176][177]. These studies revealed that numerous genes and metabolic pathways involved in cytoskeleton assembly, oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, and energetic metabolism were differentially regulated.…”

Mechanisms of Microcystin-induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis

“…This mechanism of cell entry would explain the organotropism and cell type specificity of MC-LR. The cyclosporin A (CsA), rifamycin, trypan blue, trypan red, cholate, TC and BSP also decreased the accumulation of 125 I labeling of MC-YM and the inhibition of protein phosphatases (PPs) in rat hepatocytes [18]. Uptake of [ 3 H]-2H-MC-LR was rapid in hepatocytes suspension and perfused livers at 37°C; however, uptake in cell suspensions was reduced by incubation of hepatocytes at 0 °C, suggesting that the uptake of MC-LR occurs primarily by an energydependent transport process [17].…”

“…Many transcriptomic [114][115][116] and proteomic studies [45,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] have indicated that MCs (-LR, -RR) exposure altered the expression of massive cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins both in vivo and in vitro. Chen et al [95] found that the homeostasis of the expression of cytoskeletal genes in rat testis was significantly affected after exposure to MC-LR.…”