Global diversity and distribution of mushroom‐inhabiting bacteria

Abstract

Mushroom-forming fungi are important sources of food and medicine in many regions of the world, and their development and health are known to depend on various microbes. Recent studies have examined the structure of mushroom-inhabiting bacterial (MIB) communities and their association with local environmental variables, but global-scale diversity and determinants of these communities remain poorly understood. Here we examined the MIB global diversity and community composition in relation to climate, soil and host factors. We found a core global mushroom microbiome, accounting for 30% of sequence reads, while comprising a few bacterial genera such as Halomonas, Serratia, Bacillus, Cutibacterium, Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia. Our analysis further revealed an important role of host phylogeny in shaping the communities of MIB, whereas the effects of climate and soil factors remained negligible. The results suggest that the communities of MIB and free-living bacteria are structured by contrasting community assembly processes and that fungal-bacterial interactions are an important determinant of MIB community structure.

Prokaryote communities associated with different types of tissue formed and substrates inhabited bySerpula lacrymans

“…The main selectors for microbial diversity associated with S. lacrymans samples emerged to be sample type while the influence of the geographical origin of the samples seemed to be second to that. Similar findings have been reported for other fungi where climate and soil factors were negligible in comparison to host phylogeny (Gohar, Põldmaa et al 2022). However, other studies argue that soil physical and chemical characteristics are important for the structure of mushroom-inhabiting bacterial communities at local scales (Pent, Põldmaa et al 2017, Splivallo, Vahdatzadeh et al 2019, Pent, Bahram et al 2020).…”

“…Those OTUs mainly belonged to the Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota, followed by Acidobacteriodota. The identified S. lacrymans basidiomata core microbiome is very similar to the genera described to be the core global mushroom microbiome (Gohar, Põldmaa et al 2022). The core mushroom microbiome comprises the genera Halomonas, Serratia, Bacillus, Cutibacterium, Bradyrhizobium , and Burkholderia (Gohar, Põldmaa et al 2022), all of which, except Bradyrhizobiuim , were also detected in the core microbiome of fruiting bodies of S. lacrymans .…”

“…The identified S. lacrymans basidiomata core microbiome is very similar to the genera described to be the core global mushroom microbiome (Gohar, Põldmaa et al 2022). The core mushroom microbiome comprises the genera Halomonas, Serratia, Bacillus, Cutibacterium, Bradyrhizobium , and Burkholderia (Gohar, Põldmaa et al 2022), all of which, except Bradyrhizobiuim , were also detected in the core microbiome of fruiting bodies of S. lacrymans . Especially OTUs belonging to Serratia and Halomonas were abundant, while OTUs belonging to Bacillus, Burkholderia , and Cutibacterium were rare.…”

Fungal Hyphosphere Microbiomes Are Distinct from Surrounding Substrates and Show Consistent Association Patterns

“…Perhaps most relevant here are their associations with lichens ( 42 , 43 ), part of which are composed of fungi. The phylum Planctomycetota was also commonly found as associates of mushrooms ( 44 ), but the lineage was not further defined. Their ecology as terrestrial organisms is still relatively unknown, but their occurrence with lichens, fungal mats, and possibly mushrooms suggests a new terrestrial host-associated niche for these unusual bacteria.…”

Community composition and trophic mode diversity of fungi associated with fruiting body of medicinal Sanghuangporus vaninii

“…It has been demonstrated that macrofungal fruiting bodies could harbor a broad spectrum of microbes, especially the bacterial diversity and physiological role on host fungi were widely explored and reported in many researches [ 42 , 43 ]. For instance, it was found that a variety of culturable bacteria were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Suillus grevillei , among which the isolates Pseudomonas sp.…”