Global distribution of sediment-hosted metals controlled by craton edge stability

Hoggard, Mark; Czarnota, K.; Richards, Fred; Huston, David L.; Jaques, A. L.; Ghelichkhan, Siavash

doi:10.1038/s41561-020-0593-2

Cited by 158 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Since our primary objective is to obtain an accurate V S -to-density parameterization for fertile oceanic mantle, we have chosen to omit these separate continental constraints. Nevertheless, it has been shown that continental geotherms calculated using our ocean-only approach provide a good match to Australian paleogeotherms that in some cases are over a billion years old (Hoggard et al, 2020b).…”

Section: 1029/2019jb019062mentioning

confidence: 90%

Quantifying the Relationship Between Short‐Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Thermomechanical Structure of the Upper Mantle Using Calibrated Parameterization of Anelasticity

et al. 2020

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Oceanic residual depth varies on ≤ 5,000 km wavelengths with amplitudes of ±1 km. A component of this short-wavelength signal is dynamic topography caused by convective flow in the upper ∼300 km of the mantle. It exerts a significant influence on landscape evolution and sea level change, but its contribution is often excluded in geodynamic models of whole-mantle flow. Using seismic tomography to resolve buoyancy anomalies in the oceanic upper mantle is complicated by the dominant influence of lithospheric cooling on velocity structure. Here, we remove this cooling signal from global surface wave tomographic models, revealing a correlation between positive residual depth and slow residual velocity anomalies at depths <300 km. To investigate whether these anomalies are of sufficient amplitude to account for short-wavelength residual depth variations, we calibrate an experimentally derived parameterization of anelastic deformation at seismic frequencies to convert shear wave velocity into temperature, density, and diffusion creep viscosity. Asthenospheric temperature anomalies reach +150°C in the vicinity of major magmatic hot spots and correlate with geochemical and geophysical proxies for potential temperature along mid-ocean ridges. Locally, we find evidence for a ∼150 km-thick, low-viscosity asthenospheric channel. Incorporating our revised density structure into models of whole-mantle flow yields reasonable agreement with residual depth observations and suggests that ±30 km deviations in local lithospheric thickness account for a quarter of total amplitudes. These predictions remain compatible with geoid constraints and substantially improve the fit between power spectra of observed and predicted dynamic topography. This improvement should enable more accurate reconstruction of the spatiotemporal evolution of Cenozoic dynamic topography.

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Section: 1029/2019jb019062mentioning

confidence: 90%

Quantifying the Relationship Between Short‐Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Thermomechanical Structure of the Upper Mantle Using Calibrated Parameterization of Anelasticity

et al. 2020

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“…The Australian continental crust has an overall westward age progression from dominantly Phanerozoic in the east, dominantly Proterozoic in the center and dominantly Archean in the west (Figure 1). Previous lithospheric scale studies have recognized changes in the lithospheric thickness and physical properties (temperature and composition), according to fundamental boundaries at 140–145°E and 120–125°E (Aitken et al, 2015; Fishwick et al, 2005, 2008; Hoggard et al, 2020; Kennett et al, 2004; Yoshizawa, 2014; Yoshizawa & Kennett, 2015). However, these boundaries do not clearly define thermal and compositional trends, nor a clear distinction between Archean and Proterozoic lithospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goes et al (2005) identified an average trend of increasing temperature with decreasing thermo‐tectonic age and a large thermal variability (200–700°C), by inverting S‐velocity models into mantle temperatures. Xenoliths data revealed thermal perturbations associated with volcanic episodes in Eastern Australia, while the Archaean and Proterozoic areas in Western Australia show typically low temperatures (Hoggard et al, 2020; O'Really et al, 1997). Joint interpretation of the thermo‐compositional structure of the Australian Continent has been recently made by Khan et al (2013), who applied a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, using the global surface wave phase‐velocity maps of Visser et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Compositional Anomalies of the Australian Upper Mantle From Seismic and Gravity Data

Tesauro

Kaban

Aitken

2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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To discern temperature and compositional variations of the Australian upper mantle, we apply an integrative technique, which jointly interprets seismic tomography and gravity data. The final thermal model, obtained by changing the upper mantle composition according to the density variations, shows temperatures higher by 100-150°C in the Archean and Proterozoic upper mantle, with respect to the initial model based on a uniform "fertile" composition. In the North and West Australian cratons, the upper mantle is cold, with composition depleted in heavy constituents. This suggests the presence of an Archean lithosphere, which remained relatively undisturbed through the Proterozoic. Central Australia is predominantly characterized by a thick, low-temperature lithosphere having a more fertile composition. Its shallow part is characterized by a thin layer of low-velocity mantle, which is interpreted by our results as a thermal anomaly. However, this high-temperature anomaly is hard to reconcile with the tectonic history of the region. A low-density mineral phase, such as amphibole, may reduce the density relative to our assumed composition. Furthermore, we observe larger iron depletion in the Western Australian Craton than in the Proterozoic terranes. At the depths larger than 150 km, the depletion becomes negligible beneath the Proterozoic regions, while it also persists in the Western Australian Craton at the depths larger than 200 km.

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“…noted a similar relationship between craton margins and the Precambrian IOCG 'sensu stricto' deposits; the current investigation supports this proposal with additional provinces and data. Furthermore, in Australia this spatial relationship has been shown more precisely by Hoggard et al (2020) who demonstrated that the large Cu-Au deposits of the eastern Gawler Craton and the Cloncurry provinces lie within ~100 km of the surface projection of the 170 km depth contour of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The same spatial association of the LAB with the Cu-Au-Fe deposits considered in the present review is evident globally (Czarnota, Hoggard, Skirrow, in prep.…”

Section: Global Distributionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits – A review (part 1): Settings, mineralogy, ore geochemistry and classification

Skirrow¹

2022

Preprint

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Characteristics of ten of the world's metallogenic provinces hosting iron oxide Cu-Au (IOCG) deposits have been critically assessed, including geochronology, geological and tectonothermal evolution, alteration-mineralisation parageneses, and ore geochemistry. A new classification framework is proposed in which IOCG deposits form the major part of a global family of Cu-Au-Fe (± Co, REE) or CGI deposits that also includes Fe-rich Cu-Au deposits lacking significant iron oxides. The CGI family is subdivided on the basis of combined tectonic setting, ore geochemistry, and oxidation state of ore-related mineralogy. Three subtypes of CGI deposits have elevated REE ± U, F and Ba and/or enrichments in Co (± Ni, Bi, Se, Te), with known deposits occurring in Precambrian syn-and post-orogenic settings. A fourth subtype of CGI deposits generally lacks significant enrichments in REE, U, F, Ba, Co, Ni, Bi, Se and Te and occur mainly in Phanerozoic Andean type magmatic arc settings. The REE-and/or Co-rich CGI deposit subtypes are geologically and geochemically distinct from porphyry Cu (-Au), skarn Fe-Cu and iron oxideapatite (IOA) deposits, although there are some shared features. The low-REE-U-Co arc-hosted

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Global distribution of sediment-hosted metals controlled by craton edge stability

Abstract: An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest, involving a new equation of state for solids.

Cited by 158 publications

References 122 publications

Quantifying the Relationship Between Short‐Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Thermomechanical Structure of the Upper Mantle Using Calibrated Parameterization of Anelasticity

Quantifying the Relationship Between Short‐Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Thermomechanical Structure of the Upper Mantle Using Calibrated Parameterization of Anelasticity

Thermal and Compositional Anomalies of the Australian Upper Mantle From Seismic and Gravity Data

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits – A review (part 1): Settings, mineralogy, ore geochemistry and classification

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