Global distribution of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shams, Morteza; Khazaei, Sasan; Naserifar, Razi; Shariatzadeh, Seyyed Ali; Anvari, Davood; Montazeri, Fattaneh; Pirestani, Majid; Majidiani, Hamidreza

doi:10.1017/s0031182022000658

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In line with ndings observed in various global studies (13,(23)(24)(25), the predominant occurrence of the G1 genotype in the SWI substantiates its prevalence in diverse intermediate hosts, except camels. The "sheep-canids" cycle is more common in this area than it is in other hosts, as evidenced by the presence of G1, particularly in isolates from sheep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Phylogenetic study of cox1 gene in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in southwestern Iran

Jamshidi,

Ghatee,

Haniloo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern, with Iran being recognized to have a high prevalence of the disease. The substantial genetic diversity of this parasite is closely linked to its life cycle, mechanisms of transmission, and toxicity. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) in southwest Iran (SWI). Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were taken from a range of intermediate hosts, including naturally infected animals from adjacent slaughterhouses and patients at the SWI undergoing surgery. Samples were obtained from the liver, heart, lungs, and spleen. Following that, the cysts' protoscolices and germinal layers were extracted, triple-washed in normal saline, and kept at -20°C until needed. Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of E. granulosus s. l. in the SWI: G1, G3, and genotypes like G6/G7. Twenty-one distinct haplotypes have been discovered. Even though it was discovered that some G1 and G6/G7 isolates had cox1 gene similarities over extensive geographic regions, these genotypes frequently revealed a diverse population worldwide. The G6/G7 genotype was found in the SWI, which connects it to the proliferation of the genotype among potential intermediate hosts like wild boar and camels and increases the chance of transmission from outside the region. The study's conclusions offer valuable information for further research and are useful to phylogenetic studies, CE control initiatives in Iran and abroad, and molecular epidemiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Phylogenetic study of cox1 gene in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in southwestern Iran

Jamshidi,

Ghatee,

Haniloo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm primarily found in canids such as dogs and wolves, and herbivores such as sheep and cattle serve as intermediate hosts (Devadharshini et al, 2022;Shams et al, 2022). To survive, E. granulosus goes through various stages in its life cycle.…”

Section: Echinococcus Granulosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Helminths to Fight Cancer: An Innovative Approach

Ameli,

Masoumi,

Kerachi

et al. 2023

WVJ

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As an alternative treatment in cancer therapy, there has been a growing interest in using helminths, such as Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), Toxocara canis (T. canis), and Taenia solium (T. solium). This study aimed to investigate the antigens and mechanisms that contribute to the anticancer properties of helminths, providing insights into how helminths may be used as a new and innovative treatment modality for cancer. The current review analyzed preclinical and clinical studies published between 2000 and 2023. The present study sought to obtain information on helminths, such as E. granulosus, T. spiralis, T. canis, and T. solium, to treat cancers of the breast, pancreas, melanoma, and leukemia by exploring databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies focusing on helminth therapy against particular cancer types for in vitro and animal models were included. Several studies have shown the possibility of inhibiting breast, colon, melanoma, and leukemia tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, and modulating the tumor microenvironment with E. granulosus, T. spiralis, T. canis, and T. solium based on in vitro and animal models studies. Some studies have indicated that helminth therapy can improve survival rates, reduce tumor growth, and stimulate the immune system in cancer patients. A potential improvement in treatment outcomes can be used for combination therapies, such as antigen selection, immune profiling, and individualized approaches based on helminth therapy. Helminth therapy is an additional option for cancer treatment, emphasizing T. spiralis, E. granulosus, T. canis, and T. solium. These helminth antigens could modulate immune responses and directly cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells.

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“…Canine hosts are the major definitive hosts for E. granulosus ; within their intestine, gravid proglottids containing thousands of eggs are produced by fertile worms. Hence, fecal matter of infected carnivores is the main source for the environmental contamination and subsequent infection of the herbivorous preys such as ungulates (intermediate hosts) ( 3 ). Hydatid cysts are dominantly found in liver and lungs, while other organs may, also, be affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Properties and Immunogenic Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Glutathione S-Transferase as a Vaccine Target: In-Silico Study

Khazaei,

Dalimi,

Pirestani

et al. 2024

IJPA

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Background: The current in silico study was done to determine the primary biochemical features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus glutathione S-transferase protein as a potential vaccine candidate. Methods: Several web tools were employed to predict physico-chemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane domain, secondary and tertiary structure followed by refinement and validations. In addition, B-cell epitopes were predicted and were screened using various web servers, while MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were predicted using IEDB and NetCTL servers, respectively. Results: The protein had 219 residues with a molecular weight of 25.55 kDa and alkaline isoelectric pH (7.5). This protein was stable, thermotolerant (aliphatic index: 78.04) and hydrophilic (GRAVY: -0.440). The predicted antigenicity scores were low and the protein was non-allergenic in nature. There were no transmembrane domain and signal peptide in the sequence. Moreover, several B-cell, MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were found in the EgGST protein, which could be further used in multi-epitope vaccines. Conclusion: Further studies are needed on the development of vaccines in vivo using EgGST alone or in combination with other antigens in the future.

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Global distribution of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 105 publications

Phylogenetic study of cox1 gene in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in southwestern Iran

Phylogenetic study of cox1 gene in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in southwestern Iran

Using Helminths to Fight Cancer: An Innovative Approach

Biochemical Properties and Immunogenic Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Glutathione S-Transferase as a Vaccine Target: In-Silico Study

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