Phylogenetic study of cox1 gene in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in southwestern Iran

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern, with Iran being recognized to have a high prevalence of the disease. The substantial genetic diversity of this parasite is closely linked to its life cycle, mechanisms of transmission, and toxicity. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) in southwest Iran (SWI). Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were taken from a range of intermediate hosts, including naturally infected animals from adjacent slaughterhouses and patients at the SWI undergoing surgery. Samples were obtained from the liver, heart, lungs, and spleen. Following that, the cysts' protoscolices and germinal layers were extracted, triple-washed in normal saline, and kept at -20°C until needed. Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of E. granulosus s. l. in the SWI: G1, G3, and genotypes like G6/G7. Twenty-one distinct haplotypes have been discovered. Even though it was discovered that some G1 and G6/G7 isolates had cox1 gene similarities over extensive geographic regions, these genotypes frequently revealed a diverse population worldwide. The G6/G7 genotype was found in the SWI, which connects it to the proliferation of the genotype among potential intermediate hosts like wild boar and camels and increases the chance of transmission from outside the region. The study's conclusions offer valuable information for further research and are useful to phylogenetic studies, CE control initiatives in Iran and abroad, and molecular epidemiology.