Global comparative assessment of life expectancy: the impact of migration with reference to Australia

Page, Andrew; Begg, Stephen; Taylor, Richard; Lopez, Alan D

doi:10.2471/blt.06.036202

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The healthy migrant effect has been described in other countries such as Australia [ 35 ], Finland [ 36 ], and Belgium [ 37 ] as a lower mortality risk in migrants comparing with people who were born in the study country. In the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, we demonstrated previously that country-level ASMR trends were associated with population size trends likely because of the healthy migrant effect [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower ASMRs in non-Qataris resulted in an even greater decrease in Qatar’s total population ASMRs that could have been at higher levels otherwise. Several factors can explain the lower mortality observed in non-Qataris: migrant health screening by Qatar (selected newcomers to stay and work are negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and tuberculosis); economic migrant self-selection (physically and mentally healthy individuals willing to migrate for work); and age profile (88% of the non-Qataris were aged 20–49 years in 2015) [ 25 , 35 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adult mortality trends in Qatar, 1989-2015: National population versus migrants

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionWith the increase of Qatar’s total population, primarily due to the influx of healthy male migrant labor, worldwide attention has been focused on deaths among these migrant workers.ObjectiveTo describe adult mortality trends in Qataris (nationals) and non-Qataris (migrants) from all causes, cardiovascular and circulatory disease, neoplasms, and injuries, 1989–2015.MethodsWe retrieved Qatar’s vital registration data by nationality, sex, age group, year, and codes of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions. We assessed age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) trends in Qatar’s total population, in Qataris and non-Qataris using Joinpoint regression.FindingsDuring the study period, 26,673 deaths were recorded. In 2015, we estimated 60,716 years of life lost (82% in males) in the overall population. In Qataris (both sexes) and in non-Qatari females, all-cause rate decreased significantly and steadily between 1989–2015. In non-Qatari males, it decreased significantly between 1998–2010 probably attributed to a massive influx of healthy migrants. Yearly rates were significantly lower in non-Qataris over 27 years. Reduction in Qatar’s total population rates for all causes and for neoplasms can be partially attributed to the healthy migrant effect. For injuries in males, it was lower in non-Qatari. Remarkably, for falls, cause-specific ASMR in non-Qatari males decreased significantly reaching 2.6/100,000 in 2014, suggesting improved safety in the work environment. However, while young adult males in Qatar die predominantly from injuries, young adult females die from neoplasms.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that premature death in young adult males and females in Qatar is predominantly due to injuries and neoplasms respectively. These identified causes of death are for a large part preventable and should be addressed appropriately to lower premature mortality among young adults in Qatar.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult mortality trends in Qatar, 1989-2015: National population versus migrants

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…How immigration impacts on socioeconomic inequalities in mortality is partly an effect of the overall health situation of immigrants. Compared to the mortality level in the native non-immigrant majority, lower mortality among immigrants – also immigrants from non-Western countries – has been observed in many countries, such as Norway [ 9 ], Denmark [ 10 ], Sweden [ 11 ], The Netherlands [ 12 , 13 ], Germany [ 14 ], France [ 15 ], Australia [ 16 ], and U.S.A. [ 17 ]. This is often interpreted as a “healthy migrant effect” [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective register-based study of the impact of immigration on educational inequalities in mortality in Norway

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundDifferences in mortality with regard to socioeconomic status have widened in recent decades in many European countries, including Norway. A rapid upsurge of immigration to Norway has occurred since the 1990s. The article investigates the impact of immigration on educational mortality differences among adults in Norway.MethodsTwo linked register-based data sets are analyzed; the first consists of all registered inhabitants aged 20–69 in Norway January 1, 1993 (2.6 millions), and the second of all registered inhabitants aged 20–69 as of January 1, 2008 (2.8 millions). Deaths 1993–1996 and 2008–2011, respectively, immigrant status, and other background information are available in the data. Mortality is examined by Cox regression analyses and by estimations of age-adjusted deaths per 100,000 personyears.ResultsBoth relative and absolute educational inequality in mortality increased from the 1993–1996 period to 2008–2011, but overall mortality levels went down during these years. Immigrants in general, and almost all the analyzed immigrant subcategories, had lower mortality than the native majority. This was due to comparatively low mortality among lower educated immigrants, while mortality among higher educated immigrants was similar to the mortality level of highly educated natives.ConclusionsThe widening of educational inequality in mortality during the 1990s and 2000s in Norway was not due to immigration. Immigration rather contributed to slightly lower overall mortality in the population and a less steep educational gradient in mortality.

show abstract

“…For instance in Australia, the increase in Australian life expectancy between 1981 and 2003 was attributed partly to healthy migrant effect [24]. Within the GCC countries, health screening is mandatory for migrants upon arrival.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrants, healthy worker effect, and mortality trends in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Arabia, have experienced unique demographic changes. The major population growth contributor in these countries is young migrants, which has led to a shift in the population age pyramid. Migrants constitute the vast proportion of GCC countries’ population reaching >80% in Qatar and UAE. Using Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015) and United Nations data, for the GCC countries, we assessed the association between age-standardized mortality and population size trends with linear and polynomial regressions. In 1990–2015, all-cause age-standardized mortality was inversely proportional to national population size (p-values: 0.0001–0.0457). In Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, the highest annual decrease in mortality was observed when the annual population growth was the highest. In Qatar, all-cause age-specific mortality was inversely proportional to age-specific population size. This association was statistically significant among the 5–14 and 15–49 age groups, which have the largest population size. Cause-specific age-standardized mortality was also inversely proportional to population size. This association was statistically significant for half of the GBD 2015-defined causes of death such as “cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases” and “HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis”. Remarkably, incoming migrants to Qatar have to be negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis. These results show that decline in mortality can be partly attributed to the increase in GCC countries’ population suggesting a healthy migrant effect that influences mortality rates. Consequently, benefits of health interventions and healthcare improvement are likely to be exaggerated in such countries hosting a substantial proportion of migrants compared with countries where migration is low. Researchers and policymakers should be cautious to not exclusively attribute decline in mortality within the GCC countries as a result of the positive effects of health interventions or healthcare improvement.

show abstract

Global comparative assessment of life expectancy: the impact of migration with reference to Australia

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Adult mortality trends in Qatar, 1989-2015: National population versus migrants

Adult mortality trends in Qatar, 1989-2015: National population versus migrants

Prospective register-based study of the impact of immigration on educational inequalities in mortality in Norway

Migrants, healthy worker effect, and mortality trends in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About