Global Biogeography of Albian Ammonoids: A Network-Based Approach

Rojas, Alexis; Patarroyo, Pedro; Kowalewski, Michał

doi:10.1130/abs/2016am-285925

Cited by 3 publications

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“…To capture interdependencies in the occurrence data in a statistically sound way, we linked taxa to spatiotemporal grid cells through links with weights (w) adjusted for sampling effort. Specifically, for the adjusted weight (wki) between grid cell k and taxa i, we divided the number 160 of collections at grid cell k that register taxa i by the total number of collections recorded at grid cell k. A similar sampling correction has been employed on previous network-based biogeographic analysis using weighted projections from bipartite occurrence networks (17,20).…”

Section: Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1B). The conventional approach to partition bipartite occurrence networks based on aggregated fossil occurrences applies standard community 175 detection methods to the one-mode projection of the original network (20). Although such a procedure can provide some insights about the biogeographic structure of ancient marine faunas (17), it destroys relevant information regarding higher-order interdependences between taxa and geographic regions.…”

Section: Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some lower-level modules form geographically coherent units that change over time ( Fig. S4) (17,20). We were unable to map such bioregions through the entire Phanerozoic, which may reflect resolving limitations of existing data.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Circles represent grid cells colored by their module affiliation (Data S2). Lower-level modules form geographically coherent bioregions(17,20) underlying the evolutionary faunas in the modular organization of the Phanerozoic marine life.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We used the aggregated data to generate a multilayer network where each layer represents a geological stage in the geological timescale (19) and consists of grid cells and taxa that occur in each stage. The taxa connect both to stage-specific grid cells through intra-layer links with weights adjusted for sampling effort (20) and to grid cells in adjacent stages through inter-layer links (21). The assembled network 45 comprises 4,906 spatiotemporal grid cells and 18,297 genera, distributed into 99 stages (Data S1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

Rojas

Kowalewski

Calatayud

et al. 2019

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Sepkoski's hypothesis of Three Great Evolutionary Faunas that dominated Phanerozoic oceans represents a foundational concept of macroevolutionary research. However, 10 the hypothesis lacks spatial information and fails to recognize ecosystem changes in Mesozoic oceans. Using a multilayer network representation of fossil occurrences, we demonstrate that Phanerozoic oceans sequentially harbored four evolutionary faunas: Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. These mega-assemblages all emerged at low latitudes and dispersed out of the tropics. The Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition was abrupt, coincident with the Permian 15 mass extinction, whereas the Mesozoic-Cenozoic transition was protracted, concurrent with gradual ecological shifts posited by the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. These findings support the notion that long-term ecological changes, historical contingencies, and major geological events all have played crucial roles in shaping the evolutionary history of marine animals. One Sentence Summary: 20Network analysis reveals that Phanerozoic oceans harbored four evolutionary faunas with variable tempo and underlying causes.

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Section: Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

Rojas

Kowalewski

Calatayud

et al. 2019

Preprint

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A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

et al. 2021

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The hypothesis of the Great Evolutionary Faunas is a foundational concept of macroevolutionary research postulating that three global mega-assemblages have dominated Phanerozoic oceans following abrupt biotic transitions. Empirical estimates of this large-scale pattern depend on several methodological decisions and are based on approaches unable to capture multiscale dynamics of the underlying Earth-Life System. Combining a multilayer network representation of fossil data with a multilevel clustering that eliminates the subjectivity inherent to distance-based approaches, we demonstrate that Phanerozoic oceans sequentially harbored four global benthic mega-assemblages. Shifts in dominance patterns among these global marine mega-assemblages were abrupt (end-Cambrian 494 Ma; end-Permian 252 Ma) or protracted (mid-Cretaceous 129 Ma), and represent the three major biotic transitions in Earth’s history. Our findings suggest that gradual ecological changes associated with the Mesozoic Marine Revolution triggered a protracted biotic transition comparable in magnitude to the end-Permian transition initiated by the most severe biotic crisis of the past 500 million years. Overall, our study supports the notion that both long-term ecological changes and major geological events have played crucial roles in shaping the mega-assemblages that dominated Phanerozoic oceans.

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Global biogeographical regions of freshwater fish species

Leroy

Dias

Giraud

et al. 2018

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AimTo define the major biogeographical regions and transition zones for freshwater fish species.TaxonStrictly freshwater species of actinopterygian fish (i.e., excluding marine and amphidromous fish families).MethodsWe based our bioregionalisation on a global database of freshwater fish species occurrences in drainage basins, which, after filtering, includes 11 295 species in 2 581 basins. On the basis of this dataset, we generated a bipartite (basin-species) network upon which we applied a hierarchical clustering algorithm (the Map Equation) to detect regions. We tested the robustness of regions with a sensitivity analysis. We identified transition zones between major regions with the participation coefficient, indicating the degree to which a basin has species from multiple regions.ResultsOur bioregionalisation scheme showed two major supercontinental regions (Old World and New World, 50% species of the world and 99.96% endemics each). Nested within these two supercontinental regions lie six major regions (Nearctic, Neotropical, Palearctic, Ethiopian, Sino-Oriental and Australian) with extremely high degrees of endemism (above 96% except for the Palearctic). Transition zones between regions were of limited extent compared to other groups of organisms. We identified numerous subregions with high diversity and endemism in tropical areas (e.g. Neotropical), and a few large subregions with low diversity and endemism at high latitudes (e.g. Palearctic).Main conclusionsOur results suggest that regions of freshwater fish species were shaped by events of vicariance and geodispersal which were similar to other groups, but with freshwater-specific processes of isolation that led to extremely high degrees of endemism (far exceeding endemism rates of other continental vertebrates), specific boundary locations, and limited extents of transition zones. The identified bioregions and transition zones of freshwater fish species reflect the strong isolation of freshwater fish faunas for the past 10 to 20 million years. The extremely high endemism and diversity of freshwater fish fauna raises many questions about the biogeographical consequences of current introductions and extinctions.

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Global Biogeography of Albian Ammonoids: A Network-Based Approach

Cited by 3 publications

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A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

Global biogeographical regions of freshwater fish species

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