A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

Rojas, Alexis; Kowalewski, Michał; Calatayud, Joaquín; Neuman, Magnus; Rosvall, Martin

doi:10.1101/866186

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Bianchi et al: Marine animal-sediment interactions and climate change Art. 9(1) page 5 of 25 feedback mechanisms between predation and infaunalization (Thayer, 1979;Buatois et al, 2016b;Rojas et al, 2021). Dramatic increases in oxygenation at about 200 and 400 Mya resulted in persistent overall ventilation of the shallow ocean (Lu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Evolutionary Perspectives On Macrobenthos and Global Changementioning

confidence: 99%

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

Bianchi

Aller

Atwood

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Benthic animals profoundly influence the cycling and storage of carbon and other elements in marine systems, particularly in coastal sediments. Recent climate change has altered the distribution and abundance of many seafloor taxa and modified the vertical exchange of materials between ocean and sediment layers. Here, we examine how climate change could alter animal-mediated biogeochemical cycling in ocean sediments. The fossil record shows repeated major responses from the benthos during mass extinctions and global carbon perturbations, including reduced diversity, dominance of simple trace fossils, decreased burrow size and bioturbation intensity, and nonrandom extinction of trophic groups. The broad dispersal capacity of many extant benthic species facilitates poleward shifts corresponding to their environmental niche as overlying water warms. Evidence suggests that locally persistent populations will likely respond to environmental shifts through either failure to respond or genetic adaptation rather than via phenotypic plasticity. Regional and global ocean models insufficiently integrate changes in benthic biological activity and their feedbacks on sedimentary biogeochemical processes. The emergence of bioturbation, ventilation, and seafloor-habitat maps and progress in our mechanistic understanding of organism–sediment interactions enable incorporation of potential effects of climate change on benthic macrofaunal mediation of elemental cycles into regional and global ocean biogeochemical models.

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Section: Evolutionary Perspectives On Macrobenthos and Global Changementioning

confidence: 99%

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

Bianchi

Aller

Atwood

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…The Burma Terrane, in which the amber occurs, was part of a Trans-Tethyan island arc at a near-equatorial more-southern latitude at about 95 million years ago, suggesting island endemism for the Kachin amber biota [ 15 ]. The Kachin amber is still giving us new insights into the very important period of formation of modern faunistic complexes during the mid-Cretaceous biotic re-organization [ 21 ] and provides ideal material for studying the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, which is marked by the radiation of angiosperms, social insects, and mammals [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Radiometric U-Pb zircon dating of the volcaniclastic matrix of the amber constrained a refined age of 98.79 ± 0.62 million years ago (earliest Cenomanian) [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bizarre Planthopper Nymph (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber

Luo

Wang

Jarzembowski

2021

Insects

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The fossil record of adult planthoppers is comparatively rich, but nymphs are rare and not well studied. Here, we describe a bizarre armoured planthopper nymph, Spinonympha shcherbakovi gen. et sp. nov., in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. The new genus is characterized by its large size, body armed with spines and tubercles, extremely long rostrum reaching well beyond the apex of the abdomen; profemur and mesofemur subcylindrical, covered with setae; protibia and mesotibia subquadrangular, densely covered with setae; protarsus and mesotarsus with two segments, tarsomere II longer and wider than I; metatrochanter swollen, metafemur subcylindrical, covered with short setae; metatibia subquadrangular, densely covered with short setae, without lateral spine and pectens without setae; metatarsus with three segments, and metatarsomere III extremely small. The fossil nymph cannot be attributed to any known planthopper family, but can be excluded from many families due to its large size and leg structure. The armoured body was probably developed for defence, and the extremely long rostrum indicates that, in the past, feeding on trees with thick and rough bark was more widespread than today. These features indicate that the new specimen represents a new armoured morphotype of planthopper nymph from the fossil record.

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“…The decrease in slope of ntp ∼ log bs for progressively younger communities was driven by the appearance of increasingly large body-sized guilds of top consumers throughout the Mesozoic, culminating in the Aptian (Figure 5). Larger body sizes of high level consumers must be supported by enhanced production and biomass at lower trophic levels; therefore the decreasing slope of ntp ∼ log bs is likely an ecological signal of the secular increase in primary production observed over the course of the Mesozoic (Knoll and Follows, 2016;Lowery et al, 2020;Martin and Servais, 2020;Antell and Saupe, 2021;Rojas et al, 2021). Thus, results presented here provide direct evidence for escalation, and agree with broad taxonomic patterns reported for the MMR, even considering early examples of megafaunal predation in the Early Triassic (Jiang et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Changing Ecology and Food Web Structure Guild Parameters ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond functional diversity: The importance of trophic position to understanding functional processes in community evolution

Banker

Dineen²,

Sorman³

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Ecosystem structure—that is the species present, the functions they represent, and how those functions interact—is an important determinant of community stability. This in turn affects how ecosystems respond to natural and anthropogenic crises, and whether species or the ecological functions that they represent are able to persist. Here we use fossil data from museum collections, literature, and the Paleobiology Database to reconstruct trophic networks of Tethyan paleocommunities from the Anisian and Carnian (Triassic), Bathonian (Jurassic), and Aptian (Cretaceous) stages, and compare these to a previously reconstructed trophic network from a modern Jamaican reef community. We generated model food webs consistent with functional structure and taxon richnesses of communities, and compared distributions of guild level parameters among communities, to assess the effect of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution on ecosystem dynamics. We found that the trophic space of communities expanded from the Anisian to the Aptian, but this pattern was not monotonic. We also found that trophic position for a given guild was subject to variation depending on what other guilds were present in that stage. The Bathonian showed the lowest degree of trophic omnivory by top consumers among all Mesozoic networks, and was dominated by longer food chains. In contrast, the Aptian network displayed a greater degree of short food chains and trophic omnivory that we attribute to the presence of large predatory guilds, such as sharks and bony fish. Interestingly, the modern Jamaican community appeared to have a higher proportion of long chains, as was the case in the Bathonian. Overall, results indicate that trophic structure is highly dependent on the taxa and ecological functions present, primary production experienced by the community, and activity of top consumers. Results from this study point to a need to better understand trophic position when planning restoration activities because a community may be so altered by human activity that restoring a species or its interactions may no longer be possible, and alternatives must be considered to restore an important function. Further work may also focus on elucidating the precise roles of top consumers in moderating network structure and community stability.

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A multiscale view of the Phanerozoic fossil record reveals the three major biotic transitions

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?

A Bizarre Planthopper Nymph (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber

Beyond functional diversity: The importance of trophic position to understanding functional processes in community evolution

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