Global and regional estimates and projections of diabetes-related health expenditure: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

Abstract

Diabetes and its complications have a significant economic impact on individuals and their families, health systems and national economies. Methods: The direct health expenditure of diabetes was calculated relying on the following inputs: diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes prevalence estimates, United Nations population estimates, World Health Organization health expenditure per capita and ratios of health expenditure for people with diabetes compared to people without diabetes. Results: The estimated global direct health expenditure on diabetes in 2019 is USD 760 billion and is expected to grow to a projected USD 825 billion by 2030 and USD 845 billion by 2045. There is a wide variation in annual health expenditures on diabetes. The United States of America has the highest estimated expenditure with USD 294.6 billion, followed by China and Brazil, with USD 109.0 billion and USD 52.3 billion, respectively. The age group with the largest annual diabetes-related health expenditure is 60-69 years with USD 177.7 billion, followed by 50-59 years, and 70-79 years with USD 173.0 billion and USD 171.5 billion, respectively. Slightly higher diabetes-related health expenditure is seen in women than in men (USD 382.6 billion vs. USD 377.6 billion, respectively). The same difference is expected to be present in 2030 and 2045.

Diabetes and global ageing among 65–99-year-old adults: Findings from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

“…Excess mortality in those with diabetes aged 75 years and over is thought to match that of the general population [11] although other studies suggest that this risk continues in those older than 75 years [12], particularly those with co-existing renal disease [10]. There are wide regional disparities in diabetes-related health expenditure, which is an indicator of balance between funding available and that provided for diabetes care for the adult population with diabetes up to age 79 years [13]. However, it is likely to be translated into an inequitable shortfall in provision of care in those of advanced age (>80 years) likely to lead to diminished quality care in older people with diabetes at a time in their adult life when they are most vulnerable and at their highest risk to maintaining their quality of life.…”

<p>Incidence and Intensity of Catastrophic Health-care Expenditure for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Care in Iran: Determinants and Inequality</p>

“…The average cost for treating and managing each diabetic patient was between 1622 and 2886 dollars around the world in 2015. 14,15 The annual expenditures of diabetes in Iran, including direct and indirect costs, are estimated to be four billion dollars. 7 Direct and indirect expenditures of diabetes and its complications can result in imposing an economic burden on patients and their families and it may cause families to fall below the poverty line and encounter catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).…”

Mortality in patients with diabetes by COVID 19 a systematic review.

“…There are several hypotheses for which the patient with diabetes has complications due to COVID-19. Chronic in ammation, increased coagulation activity, immune response impairment and potential direct pancreatic damage by SARS-CoV-2 might be among the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the increased morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in people with diabetes 29 .…”