Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression after electroconvulsive shocks in rat brain

Ceresér, Keila Maria Mendes; Frey, Benício N.; Bernardes, Fernanda Barbosa; Costa, Sabrina Corrêa da; Andreazza, Ana Cristina; Souza, Daiana de; Tramontina, Francine; Gonçalves, Carlos Alberto; Kapczinski, Flávio; Quevedo, Joao L De

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.038

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Third, ECS also attenuated astrocytic activation in the hippocampi of Gunn rats, as indicated by the reduced expression of GFAP. There have been several animal studies which evaluated the effects of ECS on glial cells in the normal brain [33–40]. However, to our knowledge, there have been only a few studies which examined the effects of ECS on glial cells in the pathological brain [41, 42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the majority of ECS studies on normal animals has shown that ECS has no effect on the activation/proliferation of microglia and astrocytes [34, 35] or even increases the glial activation/proliferation [38, 39]. Only one study has reported that ECS reduces the density of microglial process in the murine hippocampus [37] and one other has shown that ECS inhibits GFAP expression in the rat hippocampus [33]. Therefore, the effect of ECS on glial activation in the pathological brain may be different from that in the normal brain, and further studies on this issue are clearly warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroconvulsive shock attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rat

Limoa

Hashioka

Miyaoka

et al. 2016

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundAlthough electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as one of the efficient treatments for intractable psychiatric disorders, the mechanism of therapeutic action remains unclear. Recently, many studies indicate that ECT affects the immune-related cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes. Moreover, microglial activation and astrocytic activation have been implicated in the postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients. We previously demonstrated that Gunn rats showed schizophrenia-like behavior and microglial activation in their brains. The present study examined the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an animal counterpart of ECT, on schizophrenia-like behavior, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in the brain of Gunn rats.MethodsThe rats were divided into four groups, i.e., Wistar sham, Wistar ECS, Gunn sham, and Gunn ECS. ECS groups received ECS once daily for six consecutive days. Subsequently, prepulse inhibition (PPI) test was performed, and immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to determine the activation degree of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus by using anti-CD11b and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, respectively.ResultsWe found PPI deficit in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats, and it was significantly improved by ECS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that immunoreactivity of CD11b and GFAP was significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats. ECS significantly attenuated the immunoreactivity of both CD11b and GFAP in Gunn rats.ConclusionsECS ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rats and attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of Gunn rats. Accordingly, therapeutic effects of ECT may be exerted, at least in part, by inhibition of glial activation. These results may provide crucial information to elucidate the role of activated glia in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and to determine whether future therapeutic interventions should attempt to up-regulate or down-regulate glial functions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0688-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive shock attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rat

Limoa

Hashioka

Miyaoka

et al. 2016

J Neuroinflammation

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“…GFAP is a specific marker of mature astrocytes (Ceresér et al, 2006). The expression of GFAP by astrocytes has been shown to be a major contributor to glial scar formation in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (Yasuda et al, 2004); furthermore, astrocyte activation may enhance functional recovery in cerebral ischemic rats (Briones et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panax Notoginseng Burk Attenuates Impairment of Learning and Memory Functions and Increases ED1, BDNF and β-Secretase Immunoreactive Cells in Chronic Stage Ischemia-Reperfusion Injured Rats

et al. 2008

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Panax Notoginseng Burk (PN) has been reported to improve blood circulation, as well as learning and memory functions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PN on learning and memory functions in chronic cerebral infarct rats. A cerebral infarct animal model was established by blocking the blood flow of both common carotid arteries and right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 4 weeks. PN (0.5 g/kg) was administered orally 3 days per week for 4 weeks, whereas the control group provided bait and water only. The learning and memory functions were estimated by measuring how successful rats were able to negotiate an 8-arm radial maze test; the test was performed after operation once a week for 4 weeks. Finally, the rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed. The brains were sectioned and analyzed for ED1, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappaB, and brain derivative neurotrophin factor (BDNF) and beta-secretase by immunostaining. Cerebral infarct rats given PN were able to successfully navigate the 8-arm radial maze test four weeks after cerebral infarction. PN also increased ED1, BDNF and beta-secretase immunoreactive cells, but did not increase GFAP and NF-kappaB immunoreactive cells. PN attenuated the reduction in learning and memory functions induced by cerebral infarction in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats; it also increased the amount of activated microglia and BDNF. These data suggest that the effect of PN, at least in part, is closely related to the increase in BDNF that was generated by activated microglia. The effect that PN has on astrocytes, NF-kappaB and beta-secreatase immunoreactive cells requires further study.

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“…However, an underestimation of GFAP was observed by immunoblotting using this antibody when compared to ELISA, and this occurrence was attributed to the "quenching" effect of neighboring proteins (O'Callaghan et al, 1999). Recently, we developed a simple and sensitive non-sandwich ELISA that proved useful for measuring GFAP in brain tissue (see Cereser et al, 2006;Silva et al, 2006); however, we also observed a quenching/saturating effect dependent on samples in this immunoassay. Like other proposed immunoassays, our procedure was not able to detect GFAP in serum samples, at least in the serum of normal rats and this insensitivity was not improved by in vitro GFAP phosphorylation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…An interesting study, that also used the polyclonal anti-GFAP antibody from DAKO, showed that the GFAP-immunoreactivity was increased by proteolysis mediated by calcium influx . We recently observed a fast and transitory increase in hippocampal GFAP following electroconvulsive shocks in rats (Cereser et al, 2006). This increase may be due to calpain-mediated proteolysis following a calcium influx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Immunoassay for glial fibrillary acidic protein: Antigen recognition is affected by its phosphorylation state

Tramontina

Leite

Ceresér

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression after electroconvulsive shocks in rat brain

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Electroconvulsive shock attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rat

Electroconvulsive shock attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rat

Panax Notoginseng Burk Attenuates Impairment of Learning and Memory Functions and Increases ED1, BDNF and β-Secretase Immunoreactive Cells in Chronic Stage Ischemia-Reperfusion Injured Rats

Immunoassay for glial fibrillary acidic protein: Antigen recognition is affected by its phosphorylation state

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