Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Barrier Function of Endothelial Cells Forming the Blood–Brain Barrier

Igarashi, Y; Utsumi, Hiroyuki; Chiba, Hideki; Yamada-Sasamori, Yumiko; Tobioka, Hirotoshi; Kamimura, Yasuhiro; Furuuchi, Ken; Kokai, Yasuo; Nakagawa, Takashi; Mori, Makoto; Sawada, Norimasa

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0992

Cited by 224 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several candidate molecules have been identified, such as TGF β [7,76], GDNF [36,78] and bFGF [69], which can up-regulate the barrier properties by increasing the resistance and decreasing the paracellular permeability in brain endothelial, cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that the enhancement of endothelial barrier properties by astrocytes/ACM and shear stress may be related to TGF-β1 [19,28,76,80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human astrocytes/astrocyte-conditioned medium and shear stress enhance the barrier properties of human brain microvascular endothelial cells

et al. 2007

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional barrier that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the brain to maintain the neural microenvironment. We have previously developed the in vitro BBB model with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). However, in vivo HBMEC are shown to interact with astrocytes and also exposed to shear stress through blood flow. In an attempt to develop the BBB model to mimic the in vivo condition we constructed the flow-based in vitro BBB model using HBMEC and human fetal astrocytes (HFA). We also examined the effect of astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) in lieu of HFA to study the role of secreted factor(s) on the BBB properties. The tightness of HBMEC monolayer was assessed by the permeability of dextran and propidium iodide as well as by measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). We showed that the HBMEC permeability was reduced and TEER was increased by non-contact, co-cultivation with HFA and ACM. The exposure of HBMEC to shear stress also exhibited decreased permeability. Moreover, HFA/ACM and shear flow exhibited additive effect of decreasing the permeability of HBMEC monolayer. In addition, we showed that the HBMEC expression of ZO-1 (tight junction protein) was increased by co-cultivation with ACM and in response to shear stress. These findings suggest that the non-contact co-cultivation with HFA helps maintain the barrier properties of HBMEC by secreting factor(s) into the medium. Our in vitro flow model system with the cells of human origin should be useful for studying the interactions between endothelial cells, glial cells, and secreted factor(s) as well as the role of shear stress in the barrier property of HBMEC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human astrocytes/astrocyte-conditioned medium and shear stress enhance the barrier properties of human brain microvascular endothelial cells

et al. 2007

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“…10 There is now strong evidence, particularly from cell cultures, that astrocytes can up-regulate many features of the BBB involved in creating effective tight junctions. 11 In addition, pericytes are required for the integrity of this barrier both during embryogenesis 6 and in adulthood. 12 Thus, the BBB of adult mice lacking pericytes is leaky to water and a range of low and high-molecular-weight tracers.…”

Section: The Blood-brain Barrier (Bbb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and the control of blood-tissue barriers

Al-Asmakh

Hedin

2015

Tissue Barriers

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“…The endothelial BBB phenotype shares many similarities with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells, such as a high transcellular resistance and high levels of ␥-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and glucose transport. Known glial-derived soluble mediators that induce BBB-like properties include transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤) (Tran et al, 1999), GDNF (Igarashi et al, 1999), and angiotensins (Kakinuma et al, 1998), as well as extracellular matrix components such as tenascin (Gutowski et al, 1999). Several other poorly characterized soluble factors have also been described that induce BBB-like properties in brain and noncerebral-derived endothelial cells, for example by inhibiting endothelin-1 expression (Federici et al, 1995).…”

Section: Intestinal Mucosa and Blood-brain Barrier Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of enteric glial cells in inflammatory bowel disease

Cabarrocas

Savidge

Liblau

2002

Glia

159

154

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Enteric glial cells (EGCs) represent an extensive but relatively poorly described cell population within the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating data suggest that EGCs represent the morphological and functional equivalent of CNS astrocytes within the enteric nervous system (ENS). The EGC network has trophic and protective functions toward enteric neurons and is fully implicated in the integration and the modulation of neuronal activities. Moreover, EGCs seem to be active elements of the ENS during intestinal inflammatory and immune responses, sharing with astrocytes the ability to act as antigen-presenting cells and interacting with the mucosal immune system via the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors. Transgenic mouse systems have demonstrated that specific ablation of EGC by chemical ablation or autoimmune T-cell targeting induces an intestinal pathology that shows similarities to the early intestinal immunopathology of Crohn's disease. EGCs may also share with astrocytes the ability to regulate tissue integrity, thereby postulating that similar interactions to those observed for the blood-brain barrier may also be partly responsible for regulating mucosal and vascular permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. Disruption of the EGC network in Crohn's disease patients may represent one possible cause for the enhanced mucosal permeability state and vascular dysfunction that are thought to favor mucosal inflammation. GLIA 41:81-93, 2003.

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Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Barrier Function of Endothelial Cells Forming the Blood–Brain Barrier

Cited by 224 publications

References 19 publications

Human astrocytes/astrocyte-conditioned medium and shear stress enhance the barrier properties of human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Human astrocytes/astrocyte-conditioned medium and shear stress enhance the barrier properties of human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Microbiota and the control of blood-tissue barriers

Role of enteric glial cells in inflammatory bowel disease

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