Microbiota and the control of blood-tissue barriers

Al-Asmakh, Maha; Hedin, Lars O.

doi:10.1080/21688370.2015.1039691

Cited by 73 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(93 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Emerging studies have demonstrated that an organism’s microbiota influences many physiological functions, including behavior[58]. Furthermore, gut microbiota has been reported to influence tissue barrier systems[59]. Comparing pathogen-free (control) and germ-free mice (altered microbiota), these authors discovered that germ-free mice display BBB dysfunction in both embryonic development and postnatal life, due to downregulation of tight junction protein expression.…”

Section: Identifying Inductive Signals That Confer Bbb Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Constituents of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Chow

2015

Trends in Neurosciences

288

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the optimal microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) for proper brain function. The BBB is comprised of specialized CNS endothelial cells with fundamental molecular properties essential for the function and integrity of the BBB. The restrictive nature of the BBB hinders delivery of therapeutics for many neurological disorders. In addition, recent evidence shows that BBB dysfunction can precede or hasten the progression of several neurological diseases. Despite the physiological significance of the BBB in health and disease, major discoveries of the molecular regulators of BBB formation and function have only occurred recently. This review will highlight recent findings describing the molecular determinants and core cellular pathways that confer BBB properties upon CNS endothelial cells.

show abstract

Section: Identifying Inductive Signals That Confer Bbb Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Constituents of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Chow

2015

Trends in Neurosciences

288

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[36][37][38][39][40][41] These microbiomes act as a barrier between humans and the external environment and plays a major role in the protection against various external hazards. 6,[42][43][44][45][46] Although the microbiome is inherited from the mother, eventually the microbiome changes to one's own unique signature. 39,47,48 The gut microbiota changes constantly according to our food habits and the environment.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome Imbalance Affects Brain Through Microbiota-gumentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Nair

Ramachandran

Joghee

et al. 2018

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent investigations suggest that gut microbiota affects the brain activity through the microbiota-gut-brain axis under both physiological and pathological disease conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Further dopamine synthesis in the brain is induced by dopamine producing enzymes that are controlled by gut microbiota via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Also alpha synuclein deposition and the associated neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system that increase intestinal permeability, oxidative stress, and local inflammation, accounts for constipation in Parkinson’s disease patients. The trigger that causes blood brain barrier leakage, immune cell activation and inflammation, and ultimately neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is believed to be due to the chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut. The non-motor symptoms that appear years before motor symptoms could be reliable early biomarkers, if they could be correlated with the established and reliable neuroimaging techniques or behavioral indices. The future directions should therefore, focus on the exploration of newer investigational techniques to identify these reliable early biomarkers and define the specific gut microbes that contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. This ultimately should pave the way to safer and novel therapeutic approaches that avoid the complications of the drugs delivered today to the brain of Parkinson’s disease patients.

show abstract

“…[92] Apart from influences on the intestinal barrier, it was suggested that the gut microbiota may have role in regulating the blood-brain (BBB) and blood-testis (BTB) barriers. [93] Recently, it was discovered that the gut microbiome composition may play a role in aging progression. [94]…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Minalyan

Gabrielyan

Scott

et al. 2017

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review The discovery of Helicobacter pylori and other organisms colonizing the stomach and the intestines has shed some light on the importance of microbiome in maintaining overall health and developing pathological conditions when alterations in biodiversity are present. The gastric acidity plays a crucial role in filtering out bacteria and preventing development of enteric infections. In this article, we discuss the physiology of gastric acid secretion and bacterial contribution to the composition of gastric and intestinal barriers and review the current literature on the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the microbial biodiversity of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent findings Culture-independent techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial biodiversity in the gastrointestinal tract. Luminal and mucosa-associated microbial populations are not identical. Streptococcus is overrepresented in the biopsies of patients with antral gastritis and may also be responsible for the development of peptic ulcer disease. The use of PPIs favors relative streptococcal abundance irrespective of H. pylori status and may explain the persistence of dyspeptic symptoms in patients on PPI therapy. Increased risk of enteric infections has also been seen in patients taking PPIs. The overuse of PPIs leads to significant shift of the gastrointestinal microbiome towards a less healthy state. Summary With the advent of PPIs, many studies have demonstrated the significant changes in the microbial composition of both gastric and intestinal microbiota. Although they are considered relatively safe over-the-counter medications, PPIs in many cases are over- and even inappropriately used. Future studies assessing the safety of PPIs and their role in the development of microbiome changes should be encouraged.

show abstract

Microbiota and the control of blood-tissue barriers

Cited by 73 publications

References 73 publications

The Molecular Constituents of the Blood–Brain Barrier

The Molecular Constituents of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About