Gleitflug des FlugbeutlersPetaurus breviceps papuanus (Thomas)

Nachtigall, Werner; Grosch, Rainer; Schultze-Westrum, Thomas

doi:10.1007/bf00696530

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To test the effect of angle-of-attack-dependent force coefficients and the applicability of the nonequilibrium gliding framework, we use aerodynamic coefficient curves (figure 4) from a range of animal gliders, including flying squirrel [20], flying snake [8], sugar glider [28], and flying fish [29], as well as two active flyers, juvenile chukar partridge at 20 days post hatch (d.p.h.) [30], and dragonfly [31].…”

Section: Model Input From Experimentally Measured Lift and Drag Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each intersection is an equilibrium point, which are indicated by round markers at the intersection points for varying pitch angles. Force coefficient data are for a flying snake cross-sectional shape [8] at = Re 11 000. sugar glider [28], and flying fish [29], as well as two active flyers, juvenile chukar partridge at 20 days post hatch (d.p.h.) [30], and dragonfly [31].…”

Section: Model Input From Experimentally Measured Lift and Drag Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30], and dragonfly [31]. Because the aerodynamic coefficients for the entire animal will be different from those of the airfoil alone [35], [20], (b) flying snakes [8], and (c) chukar partridge [30], and whole-animal curves for (d) sugar gliders [28], (e) dragonflies [31], and (f) flying fish [29]. Measured values are indicated with markers, and spline-fit values are indicated with solid lines.…”

Section: Model Input From Experimentally Measured Lift and Drag Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rescaling enabled us to test the effect of lift and drag coefficients using simulated glides, with angle-of-attack-dependent force coefficients taken from previous studies. In particular, we used force coefficients from studies of flying squirrels [10,20], flying snakes [8], sugar gliders [28], flying fish [29], chukar partridge [30] and dragonflies [31]. This broad sampling of animals helps to elucidate commonalities of non-equilibrium gliding, demonstrating the utility of this non-equilibrium framework across phylogenetically diverse species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lift, drag, and lift-to-drag ratio coefficient curves used in this study. Airfoil-based curves for (a) flying squirrels[20], (b) flying snakes[8], and (c) chukar partridge[30], and whole-animal curves for (d) sugar gliders[28], (e) dragonflies[31], and (f) flying fish[29]. Measured values are indicated with markers, and spline-fit values are indicated with solid lines.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Global dynamics of non-equilibrium gliding in animals

2017

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Gliding flight-moving horizontally downward through the air without power-has evolved in a broad diversity of taxa and serves numerous ecologically relevant functions such as predator escape, expanding foraging locations, and finding mates, and has been suggested as an evolutionary pathway to powered flight. Historically, gliding has been conceptualized using the idealized conditions of equilibrium, in which the net aerodynamic force on the glider balances its weight. While this assumption is appealing for its simplicity, recent studies of glide trajectories have shown that equilibrium gliding is not the norm for most species. Furthermore, equilibrium theory neglects the aerodynamic differences between species, as well as how a glider can modify its glide path using control. To investigate non-equilibrium glide behavior, we developed a reduced-order model of gliding that accounts for self-similarity in the equations of motion, such that the lift and drag characteristics alone determine the glide trajectory. From analysis of velocity polar diagrams of horizontal and vertical velocity from several gliding species, we find that pitch angle, the angle between the horizontal and chord line, is a control parameter that can be exploited to modulate glide angle and glide speed. Varying pitch results in changing locations of equilibrium glide configurations in the velocity polar diagram that govern passive glide dynamics. Such analyses provide a new mechanism of interspecies comparison and tools to understand experimentally-measured kinematics data and theory. In addition, this analysis suggests that the lift and drag characteristics of aerial and aquatic autonomous gliders can be engineered to passively alter glide trajectories with minimal control effort.

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Section: Model Input From Experimentally Measured Lift and Drag Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Input From Experimentally Measured Lift and Drag Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Input From Experimentally Measured Lift and Drag Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global dynamics of non-equilibrium gliding in animals

2017

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Kinematics of turning maneuvers in the southern flying squirrel,Glaucomys volans

Bishop

Brim‐DeForest

2008

J. Exp. Zool.

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The ability to change direction is essential to any animal that moves around in a complex, 3D environment. In this study we present the first 3D description of body positions during gliding turns in a mammalian gliding specialist, the southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans. In addition, we used these kinematic data to estimate the aerodynamic forces generated by the animals and rotational velocities and accelerations of the body while turning. These results were compared with similar measurements of flying squirrels during straight glides. The two individuals used in this study differed significantly in limb position asymmetries between the two sides of their bodies and also were significantly different in measures of turning performance. The individual with better performance used limb positions consistent with a primarily lift-based turning mechanism (banked turn), whereas the individual with poorer performance used limb positions consistent with a primarily drag-based turning mechanism (crabbed turn). Both individuals employed limb movements continuously through the gliding turn, but these movements did not have any consistent relationships with body rotations or lateral acceleration. As compared with straight glides, squirrels used significantly higher angles of attack and had lower lift-to-drag ratios, but did not differ in glide angle. Contrary to the typical view of maneuvering during gliding as a simple, static form of locomotion, the results presented here indicate that mammalian gliding is a complex behavior comprising the interplay of many components of limb position and wing shape that affect the balance of forces that control the turn.

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