Glass production at an Early Islamic workshop in Tel Aviv

Freestone, Ian C.; Jackson-Tal, Ruth E.; Taxel, Itamar; Tal, Oren

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.07.003

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The strontium to calcium ratios suggest the use of shell as the source of lime in all the natron-based glasses in this study [2, 69]. The difference between the Levantine I and the Foy-2 groups indicate that shells with different strontium contents dominated the respective silica sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…We believe that taken together, these compositional characteristics point to an Egyptian origin for all but the Levantine I silica sources and by extension to a primary production located in Egypt. This is further substantiated by the higher soda content of these glasses that may reflect the local availability of natron in closer proximity to the well-known deposits in the Wadi Natrun [69]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…BM 1983,1108.4, in contrast, has high contents of titanium, zirconium and hafnium, linking it to an Egyptian origin. In its major and minor element make-up, namely its relatively low potassium and aluminium oxides, high lime and moderate soda, this glass corresponds to the Egypt II group of Gratuze and Barrandon [23], the glasses from the eighth- to ninth-century Islamic workshop at Tel el Ashmunein in Middle Egypt [14] and some seventh- to eighth-century glass working debris from Tel Aviv (group C in [69]). Similar to the Tel el Ashmunein glass, the Byzantine glass weight has low strontium contents (166 ppm), indicative of limestone-bearing sand [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glass samples can be considered to belong to the same batch or melting event if the concentrations of all elements measured are within the experimental error [69, 70]. Groups of glass weights with iconographic similarities were thus compared and a number of batches identified where the compositional data of the different samples were within two standard deviations of the repeated measurements of Corning A and NIST 612.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silica sources have traditionally been differentiated based on the lime and alumina contents (e.g. [69, 70]). However, it becomes increasingly clear that in order to define group affiliations and differences between primary production groups a multi-dimensional approach is needed that takes into account several components and can resolve partial overlaps (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Glass Weights

et al. 2016

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The understanding of the glass trade in the first millennium CE relies on the characterisation of well-dated compositional groups and the identification of their primary production sites. 275 Byzantine glass weights from the British Museum and the Bibliothèque nationale de France dating to the sixth and seventh century were analysed by LA-ICP-MS. Multivariate statistical and graphical data analysis discriminated between six main primary glass types. Primary glass sources were differentiated based on multi-dimensional comparison of silica-derived elements (MgO, Al2O3, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3, ZrO2) and components associated with the alkali source (Li2O, B2O3). Along with Egyptian and Levantine origins of the glassmaking sands, variations in the natron source possibly point to the exploitation of two different natron deposits. Differences in strontium to calcium ratios revealed variations in the carbonate fractions in the sand. At least two cobalt sources were employed as colouring agents, one of which shows strong correlations with nickel, indicating a specific post-Roman cobalt source. Typological evidence identified chronological developments in the use of the different glass groups. Throughout the sixth century, Byzantine glass weights were predominately produced from two glasses that are probably of an Egyptian origin (Foy-2 and Foy-2 high Fe). Towards the second half of the sixth century a new but related plant-ash glass type emerged (Magby). Levantine I was likewise found among the late sixth- to early seventh-century samples. The use of different dies for the same batch testifies to large-scale, centralised production of the weights, while the same die used for different primary production groups demonstrates the co-existence of alternative sources of supply. Given the comprehensive design of our study, these results can be extrapolated to the wider early Byzantine glass industry and its changes at large.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Glass Weights

et al. 2016

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Roman Glass

Freestone¹

2021

Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture

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Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

et al. 2022

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Analytical data of Roman and early Islamic glass established several primary glass production groups linked to glassmaking centres in the Levant and in Egypt. In contrast, the activities of secondary glass workshops are largely invisible in the compositional fingerprint of first millennium glass. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of 261 glass finds from the Visigothic settlement of Tolmo de Minateda (Spain) revealed a site-specific contamination pattern due to secondary glass processing and recycling, namely the enrichment of the glass batch by a unique combination of rare alkali elements (Li, K, Rb, Cs). With a median of 21 ppm, Li is particularly distinctive. Elevated lithium contents (Li > 30 ppm) are also one of the characteristic features of Iberian plant ash glass from the Islamic period. The earliest known examples of this type of glass were found among the ninth-century remains from Tolmo.

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Glass production at an Early Islamic workshop in Tel Aviv

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Comprehensive Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Glass Weights

Comprehensive Chemical Characterisation of Byzantine Glass Weights

Roman Glass

Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

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