Glasgow Coma Scale in Anticipation of Sepsis and Septic Shock : Review Article

Alalawi, Mohammed Saeed; Aljabran, Hussain Abdullah M; Alkhamri, Abdullah Mohammed; Alwahbi, Abdulrahman Mohammed; Alqarrash, Zahra Ibrahim; Iraqi, Hussain Abdulillah M; Alonazi, Mohammed Saleh M; Alotaibi, Abdulaziz Raja Najim; Alahmari, Majed Ali Mohammed; Alnuwaiser, Ahmed Abdalmuhssen; Mimarji, Feras Khalid A; Al-Enezi, Abdullah Atallah; Alabbad, Naif Ahmed A; Alhayki, Alaa Hassan; Farran, Mashail Hashim

doi:10.12816/0042245

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…2,11,21 In contrast to a French study 21 and a multinational study 11 which found older age (age ≥65 years) to be a significant risk factor for SS-related mortality, it was observed in this study that being an infant was instead a risk factor, probably explained by the immature immunity of infants. 26 Similar to previous studies, [27][28][29] a low GCS was found in this study to be associated with mortality in patients with SS. It is noteworthy that a low GCS is also a reliable indicator of sepsis through the SOFA or quick SOFA score assessment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is noteworthy that a low GCS is also a reliable indicator of sepsis through the SOFA or quick SOFA score assessment. 18,27 Eidelman et al 29 found that SS patients with a GCS of 15, 14 to 13, 12 to 9, or 8 to 3 had mortality rates of 16%, 20%, 50%, and 63%, respectively. However, the various levels of GCS and associated mortality in the current series were not stratified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Epidemiology, Therapeutic Patterns, Outcome, and Challenges in Managing Septic Shock in a Sub-Saharan African Intensive Care Unit: A CrossSectional Study

et al. 2019

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Background: Septic shock (SS) is a health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a dearth of data in this regard. Objective: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology, therapeutic patterns, outcome, and challenges in managing SS in a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: The hospital files of 36 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of the Douala General Hospital (DGH), Cameroon over the year 2018 were reviewed for SS. SS was diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 definition. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes of patients with SS were reviewed. Data was analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher exact tests and Bonferroni correction. Results: SS accounted for 36 (9.4%) ICU admissions. The majority of patients were males (63.9%). The most common site of infection was the lungs. The mean age, average mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mean sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of patients were 52.9±25.2 years, 52±18 mm Hg, and 9.2 ±2.3, respectively. Noradrenaline was the sole vasopressor used. Therapeutic challenges included the inability to have a specific antibiogram before a mean duration of 7 days. The mortality rate was 39% and associated with age ≤1 year, MAP ≤ 65 mm Hg, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤8, and mechanical ventilation, which were not attenuated after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: SS is a frequent cause of ICU admission and is associated with a high mortality rate. SS mortality-related factors can be screened during SS management for more aggressive ICU management geared at preventing death.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology, Therapeutic Patterns, Outcome, and Challenges in Managing Septic Shock in a Sub-Saharan African Intensive Care Unit: A CrossSectional Study

et al. 2019

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“…These assess the degree of respiratory, renal, cardiovascular, neurological, hepatic, and hematological impairment, and qSOFA is used in the emergency department for faster organ failure scoring, taking into account respiratory rate, hypotension, and the Glasgow coma score [ 48 , 49 ]. Higher mortality rates have been reported in patients with GCSs <15, as well as neurological impairment in 25–33% of patients with sepsis [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Lesions with Loss of Tissue and Cutaneous-Onset Sepsis: The Skin Infection–Sepsis Relationship

Pătrașcu,

Vâță,

Temelie-Olinici

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Infectious and inflammatory dermatoses featuring skin lesions with loss of tissue expose skin layers to microbial invasions, disrupt the normal skin microbiome, and potentially lead to sepsis. However, literature data on the incidence of cutaneous-onset sepsis are scarce. This retrospective observational study assessed hospital admissions for primary skin lesions without bacterial infections and sepsis during 2020–2022 in the largest emergency hospital in NE Romania. Of 509 patients, 441 had infected lesions, 78 had sepsis caused by venous ulcers from microbial eczema cellulitis, superinfected bullous dermatoses, erysipelas, and erythroderma. Cultured samples revealed S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli; and K. pneumoniae and S. β-hemolytic associated with sepsis, even if this was rarer. Clinical manifestations included ulcerations, erosions, fissures, excoriations, bullae, vesicles, pruritus, tumefaction, edema, fever, chills, pain, adenopathy, and mildly altered mental status. Underlying chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and type-1 diabetes mellitus were comorbidities associated with infection and sepsis. Significant associations and risk factors, including their combined effects, are discussed to draw attention to the need for further research and adequate management to prevent sepsis in adult patients of any age presenting with infected skin lesions (especially cellulitis) and comorbidities (especially type 1 diabetes mellitus and anemia).

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“…This comparably studies made by Alalawi et al that GCS score not only predicts development of sepsis but also has prognostic value. Patients who have low GCS have a high mortality rate [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of the Evaluation of Using Antibiotics in Sepsis Patients in Palu, Indonesia

Mukaddas¹,

Utami²,

Rumi³

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Treatment therapy with antibiotics is one of the factors supporting success in the treatment of sepsis. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics in patients with sepsis using parameters of the day of decline in body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, changes in consciousness status, and comorbid factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of this study is pilot study with a retrospective approach on sample of 14 sepsis patients who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis using the univariate method for see changes in levels of body temperature, length of stay, respiration rate, heart rate, comorbid factors, and changes in the consciousness status. RESULTS: The results showed an average value for decline of body temperature after using antibiotics with a baseline of 38.47°C–37.87°C, heart rate shows the average value from baseline heart rate after using antibiotics from baseline of 110.8 bpm to 88.4 bpm, the respiration rate shows the average value for the respiration rate after using antibiotics from baseline of 30.8 x/min to 22.1 x/min, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score showed an average value after using antibiotics from baseline 9 to 7, on comorbid factors showing six patients with one comorbid and eight patients with more than 1 comorbid factor. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that body temperature is still in the category of fever, heart rate, and respiration rate which are the normal category, patient consciousness is still at the level of somnolence even though patient’s GCS score has decreased, and patients with one factor of comorbidities are faster in death because they have a fatal type of comorbid such as acute of hepatitis, coma hepaticum, and acute kidney injury.

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Glasgow Coma Scale in Anticipation of Sepsis and Septic Shock : Review Article

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

The Epidemiology, Therapeutic Patterns, Outcome, and Challenges in Managing Septic Shock in a Sub-Saharan African Intensive Care Unit: A CrossSectional Study

The Epidemiology, Therapeutic Patterns, Outcome, and Challenges in Managing Septic Shock in a Sub-Saharan African Intensive Care Unit: A CrossSectional Study

Skin Lesions with Loss of Tissue and Cutaneous-Onset Sepsis: The Skin Infection–Sepsis Relationship

A Pilot Study of the Evaluation of Using Antibiotics in Sepsis Patients in Palu, Indonesia

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