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Syroezhko, A. M.; Begak, O. Yu.; Федоров, В. В.; Gusarova, E. N.

doi:10.1023/a:1025633608493

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The addition of PE and tyre rubber decreases the ductility of modified bitumen up to a fixed amount of PE, while when the amount of PE is less than tyre rubber, the blend shows improved ductility [206,264]. Adding stabilizing agents-such as furfural extract oil [265], reactive dioctyl phthalate [265], polyphosphoric acid [208], sulphur [274] and maleic anhydride-to the combination of polymers before blending with bitumen generally increases the ductility of the modified bitumen. A study reports that ductility was increased by using maleic anhydride grafted LDPE with styrene butadiene styrene and HDPE before adding them into the bitumen [40].…”

Section: Co-mingled Plastomers For Bitumen Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This promotes reactions between the naphthenic and aromatic components, modifying the colloidal structure and chemical composition of bitumen. It is also suggested that sulphur has the potential to self-polymerize when mixed with bitumen [274]. However, polymers are nowadays added as a main modifier while sulphur is inserted in small quantity (i.e., 0.1% or less by weight of the bitumen) to help chemical reactions happen between the polymer and bitumen.…”

Section: Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Polymers from Recycled Waste Plastics and Their Virgin Counterparts as Bitumen Modifiers: A Comprehensive Review

2021

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The failure of bituminous pavements takes place due to heavy traffic loads and weather-related conditions, such as moisture, temperature, and UV radiation. To overcome or minimize such failures, a great effort has been put in recent years to enhance the material properties of bitumen, ultimately improving field performance and increasing the pavement service life. Polymer modification is considered one of the most suitable and by far the most popular approach. Elastomers, chemically functionalised thermoplastics and plastomers * (* Note: notwithstanding the fact that in Polymer Science the word ‘plastomer’ indicates a polymer with the simultaneous behaviour of an elastomer and plastics (thermoplastics), this paper uses the term ‘plastomer’ to indicate a thermoplastic polymer as it is more commonly found in Civil and Pavement Engineering.) are the most commonly used polymers for bitumen modification. Plastomers provide several advantages and are commonly acknowledged to improve high-temperature stiffness, although some of them are more prone to phase separation and consequent storage instability. Nowadays, due to the recent push for recycling, many road authorities are looking at the use of recycled plastics in roads. Hence, some of the available plastomers—in pellet, flakes, or powder form—are coming from materials recycling facilities rather than chemical companies. This review article describes the details of using plastomers as bitumen modifiers—with a specific focus on recycled plastics—and how these can potentially be used to enhance bitumen performance and the road durability. Chemical modifiers for improving the compatibility between plastomers and bitumen are also addressed in this review. Plastomers, either individual or in combination of two or three polymers, are found to offer great stiffness at high temperature. Different polymers including HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE, PP, PS, PET, EMA, and EVA have been successfully employed for bitumen modification. However, each of them has its own merit and demerit as thoroughly discussed in the paper. The recent push in using recycled materials in roads has brought new light to the use of virgin and recycled plastomers for bitumen modification as a low-cost and somehow environmental beneficial solution for roads and pavements.

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Section: Co-mingled Plastomers For Bitumen Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Polymers from Recycled Waste Plastics and Their Virgin Counterparts as Bitumen Modifiers: A Comprehensive Review

2021

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“…It induces bridge formation within aromatic and naphthenic components modifying the chemical composition and colloidal structure of bitumen. Some authors also suggested that sulfur could self-polymerize when added to the binder [156]. However, nowadays, sulfur is added in very small quantities to bitumen where the polymers are the main modifiers.…”

Section: Sulfur Modifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances

et al. 2019

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This synthesis explores the state-of-the-knowledge and state-of-the-practice regarding the latest updates on polymer-modified bitumens (PmBs). The information in this study was gathered from a thorough review of the latest papers in the literatures related to modified bituminous materials, technologies, and advances. For this purpose, the paper is presented in two principle sections. In the first part, the bitumen itself is investigated in terms of chemical structure and microstructural systems. In the second part, the paper focuses on bitumen modification from different aspects for assessing the effectiveness of the introduced additives and polymers for enhancing the engineering properties of bitumen in both paving and industrial applications. In conclusion, the knowledge obtained in this study has revealed the importance of the chemical composition of base bitumen for its modification. It can be declared that while some polymers/additives can improve one or some aspects of neat bitumen properties, they can lead to compatibility problems in storage and production. In this respect, several studies showed the effectiveness of waxes for improving the compatibility of polymers with bitumen in addition to some benefits regarding warm mix asphalt (WMA) production.

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“…In [22,26,29,30], elemental sulfur was directly dispersed in the finished asphalt. Oxidation of sulfured HPR is complicated by formation of important amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other volatile sulfur compounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[11]. Special attention is focused on enhancing oxidation of vacuum resid and vacuum resid mixed with other heavy residues in the presence of elemental sulfur [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. This is due to the very large sulfur reserves at Gazprom enterprises, in particular, at Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant, and the absence of qualified use in large volumes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ways of enhancing oxidation of asphalts

Лихтерова

Lobankova

2007

Chem Technol Fuels Oils

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Increasing the quality of roofing and waterproofing materials involves developing new formulas for polymer-asphalt materials and technologies for adding the ingredients to composites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, in our opinion, the quality of the polymer-asphalt binders can be increased by improving the technology for production of high-melting roofing and waterproofing asphalts.Roofing asphalts BNK 40/180 and BNK 4/190 (GOST 9548) are usually finally oxidized in a battery of still reactors developed by VNIIPKneftekhim at the beginning of the 1960s. This technology did not spread to oil refineries (OR) due to the low output of these reactors and was used by consumers of asphalts for manufacturing small product lots [8].Production of high-melting asphalts in equipment of this type is characterized by a brief contact time of air with the oxidized mass and as a consequence, high concentration of oxygen in exhaust gases and coking of the gas space of the reactor [9, 10]. Oxidation of asphalts in reactors of this design can only be intensified by incorporating activating additives to the feedstock or reaction zone. Unfortunately, the information on the use of such additives only relates to technology for production of paving and construction asphalts.We will generalize the published data on enhancing oxidation of vacuum resids. The results of studies of this process can be transposed to final oxidation of roofing asphalts. One method of accelerating oxidation of heavy petroleum residues (HPR) is to incorporate additives containing different metal atoms in the oxidation zone. The results of an enormous number of studies in this 349 direction are generalized in monographs [11,12]. More than one hundred compounds capable of accelerating oxidation of vacuum resids into asphalts are known, for example: manganese dioxide; sodium carbonate; potassium chlorate; zinc, copper, aluminum sulfates; copper, lead, manganese, cobalt, iron, chromium naphthenates; some metal oxides [12]. Iron chlorides were industrially tested in [11]. Feeding them into the reaction zone caused instantaneous decomposition of the substance with formation of hydrogen chloride and an active hydrocarbon radical capable of carrying out a chain oxidation process. The asphaltenes formed have a molecular weight 2-2.5 times higher than the asphaltenes formed in traditional oxidation. The rate of the process increases and the quality of the construction asphalts are improved as a result [12].Iron chloride crystal hydrate, FeCl 3 ×6H 2 O, was tested in an industrial asphalt production unit [13]. The iron chloride was previously melted at 40-80°C in a steam-heated drum and then diluted with water to a concentration of 80% and fed into the oxidation tower by a plunger pump. Consumption of iron chloride was 0.1 wt. % in feedstock. Vacuum resid with a softening point of 30-31°C was used as the feedstock.The process was conducted at 265-270°C and air flow rate of 2700 m 3 /h. The reactor output in feedstock increased from 30 to 40 m 3 /h and the oxygen content in ...

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Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Sustainable Polymers from Recycled Waste Plastics and Their Virgin Counterparts as Bitumen Modifiers: A Comprehensive Review

Sustainable Polymers from Recycled Waste Plastics and Their Virgin Counterparts as Bitumen Modifiers: A Comprehensive Review

Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances

Ways of enhancing oxidation of asphalts

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