GISH and BAC-FISH study of apomictic Beta M14

Abstract

Apomixis is a means of asexual reproduction by which plants produce embryos without fertilization and meiosis, therefore the embryo is of clonal and maternal origin. Interspecific hybrids between diploid B. vulgaris (2n=2x=18) and tetraploid B. corolliflora (2n=4x=36) were established, and then back-crossed with B. vulgaris. Among their offspring, monosomic addition line M14 (2n=2x=18+1) was selected because of the apomictic phenotype. We documented chromosome transmission from B. corolliflora into M14 by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Suppression of cross-hybridization by blocking DNA was not necessary, indicating that the investigated Beta genome contains sufficient species-specific DNA, thus enabling the determination of genomic composition of the hybrids. We analyzed BAC microarrays of B. corolliflora chromosome 9 by using fluorescence-specific mRNA of B. vulgaris and Beta M14. BAC clones 16-M11 and 26-L15 were detected as fluorescence-specifics of BAC DNA of Beta M14. Then both BAC clones 16-M11 and 26-L15 were in situ hybridized to M14 chromosomes. The two hybridized BAC clones were located close to the telomere region of the long arm of a single chromosome 9, and showed hemizygosity. The results of BAC microarrays showed that these developments of embryo and endosperm have conservative expression patterns, indicating that sexual reproduction and apomixis have an interrelated pathway with common regulatory components and that the induction of a modified sexual reproduction program may enable the manifestation of apomixis in Beta species. It would be sufficient for the expression of apomixes with those apomictic-specific genes on chromosome 9 of B. corolliflora.

Overexpression of a S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase from Sugar Beet M14 Increased Araidopsis Salt Tolerance

“…Sugar beet monosomic addition line M14 was obtained through hybridization between sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) and wild sugar beet ( Beta corolliflora Zoss.) [22,23]. The M14 line exhibits several interesting characteristics, such as salt and cold tolerance, as well as apomixes.…”

Overexpression of S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Synthetase 2 from Sugar Beet M14 Increased Arabidopsis Tolerance to Salt and Oxidative Stress

“…The M14 line has shown characteristics of apomixis and tolerance to abiotic stress [25,26,27]. In this study, we employed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to investigate alterations in the transcriptional profiles of the M14 line under salt stress.…”

Salt stress induced proteome and transcriptome changes in sugar beet monosomic addition line M14

“…B. corolliflora has interesting characteristics including apomixis and tolerance to drought, cold and salt (Guo et al, 1999). The M14 has retained some of these characteristics, e.g., stress tolerance and apomixis (Ge et al, 2007). Proteomics has played an indispensable role in functional genomics, and provides a powerful tool for studying salt tolerance mechanisms in plants (Wakeel et al, 2011).…”