“Girls can't play”: The effects of stereotype threat on females' gaming performance

Kaye, Linda; Pennington, Charlotte Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.020

Cited by 84 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Because videogames are popularly perceived and reiterated as a male space (Hartmann and Klimmt 2006;Salter and Blodgett 2012), it has been argued that male gamers are often afforded higher status and higher perceived competence than female gamers (Kaye and Pennington 2016). Although women are often able to remain hidden or anonymous in gaming environments (Cote 2015;McLean and Griffiths 2013), it is likely that when women reveal their sex, their legitimacy and competence are questioned.…”

Section: Female Gaming Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that gamer identity, trait competitiveness, and playing habits impact the experience of social identity threat. A study by Kaye and Pennington (2016) further indicated the negative impact of stereotype threat on females' experience of gaming, and found that it led to females' underperformance on the gaming task, relative to males in the control condition. Similar findings have been reported with impact on females' skill perception and wellbeing (Vermeulen et al 2014), and performance (Vermeulen and Looy 2016).…”

Section: Female Gaming Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McLean and Griffiths (2013) argued that female gamers valued their identity as gamers, but paradoxically, gamers often feel the need to hide their identity when gaming online, due to the behaviour of other male gamers (Cote 2015;Vermeulen et al 2017). Kaye and Pennington (2016) suggested that multiple social identities may protect females' gameplay performance from stereotype threat. Females have also reported lower gamer identity because they felt less connected and discouraged from this identity by male negative behaviour online.…”

Section: Female Gaming Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Female Gamers’ Experience of Online Harassment and Social Support in Online Gaming: A Qualitative Study

McLean¹,

Griffiths

2018

Int J Ment Health Addiction

110

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Female gaming is a relatively under-researched area, and female gamers often report experiencing harassment whilst playing online. The present study explored female experiences of social support while playing online video games, because of the previous research suggesting that females often experience harassment and negative interactions during game play. Data were collected from an online discussion forum, and comprised posts drawn from 271 female gamers. Thematic analysis of the discussions suggested that a lack of social support and harassment frequently led to female gamers playing alone, playing anonymously, and moving groups regularly. The female gamers reported experiencing anxiety and loneliness due to this lack of social support, and for many, this was mirrored in their experiences of social support outside of gaming. The female gamers frequently accepted the incorporation into their gaming of specific coping strategies to mitigate online harassment, including actively hiding their identity and avoiding all forms of verbal communication with other players. These themes are discussed in relation to relevant research in the area, along with recommendations for future research and consideration of possible explanations for the themes observed.

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Section: Female Gaming Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Female Gaming Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Female Gaming Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Female Gamers’ Experience of Online Harassment and Social Support in Online Gaming: A Qualitative Study

McLean¹,

Griffiths

2018

Int J Ment Health Addiction

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, women who are reminded of their gender identity before a cognitive ability test (e.g., a math test) tend to perform worse than women who receive no such reminder (for a meta-analytic review of this literature, see Nguyen & Ryan, 2008). Both Vermeulen, Castellar, Janssen, Calvi, and Looy (2016) and Kaye and Pennington (2016) found that gaming performance for women could be negatively affected by evoking the "girls can't play" stereotype; as such, stereotype threat might play a role in reported performance differences between the genders. In conclusion we can suggest that, as with time-investment, the male gamer stereotype is only accurate if we restrict our sample to highly Preprint of the publication Paaßen et al (2016).…”

Section: Skillmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is a True Gamer? The Male Gamer Stereotype and the Marginalization of Women in Video Game Culture

Paaßen¹,

2016

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Women and men play video games in approximately equal numbers. Despite this similarity, video gaming is still strongly associated with men. A common justification for this stereotype is that, although women might play games, they should not be considered "true" or "hard-core" gamers because they play more casually and less skillfully compared to their male counterparts. In this contribution, we review the existing literature on gender and gaming to investigate the male gamer stereotype in terms of its accuracy, persistence, effects, and future perspective. We conclude that the stereotype varies in accuracy depending on the definition of "gamer." We further argue that the persistence of this stereotype can be explained by the fact that almost all professional and highly visible figures in gaming culture are male. On the other hand, female players who achieve a moderate level of competence are rendered invisible or are actively marginalized. We argue that the effects of the male gamer stereotype can be harmful to women, precluding them from the positive outcomes of video game play such as enhanced access to fields of science, technology, and engineering.

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“…6,11 Hypotheses concerning specific differences should not be based on the current discourse for the simple fact that these are likely to have been derived from stereotypes, which are often inaccurate when compared to selfreport measures. 12,13 Any subsequent hypotheses concerning markers of smartphone ownership should instead be considered in the context of brand personality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Smartphone Operating System from Personality and Individual Differences

Shaw

Ellis

Kendrick

et al. 2016

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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Android and iPhone devices account for over 90 percent of all smartphones sold worldwide. Despite being very similar in functionality, current discourse and marketing campaigns suggest that key individual differences exist between users of these two devices; however, this has never been investigated empirically. This is surprising, as smartphones continue to gain momentum across a variety of research disciplines. In this article, we consider if individual differences exist between these two distinct groups. In comparison to Android users, we found that iPhone owners are more likely to be female, younger, and increasingly concerned about their smartphone being viewed as a status object. Key differences in personality were also observed with iPhone users displaying lower levels of Honesty-Humility and higher levels of emotionality. Following this analysis, we were also able to build and test a model that predicted smartphone ownership at above chance level based on these individual differences. In line with extended self-theory, the type of smartphone owned provides some valuable information about its owner. These findings have implications for the increasing use of smartphones within research particularly for those working within Computational Social Science and PsychoInformatics, where data are typically collected from devices and applications running a single smartphone operating system.

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“Girls can't play”: The effects of stereotype threat on females' gaming performance

Cited by 84 publications

References 70 publications

Female Gamers’ Experience of Online Harassment and Social Support in Online Gaming: A Qualitative Study

Female Gamers’ Experience of Online Harassment and Social Support in Online Gaming: A Qualitative Study

What is a True Gamer? The Male Gamer Stereotype and the Marginalization of Women in Video Game Culture

Predicting Smartphone Operating System from Personality and Individual Differences

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