Ginsenoside CK inhibits androgenetic alopecia by regulating Wnt/β‐catenin and p53 signaling pathways in AGA mice

Fang, Chao; Yang, Haixia; Zhu, Chenhui; Fan, Daidi; Deng, Jianjun

doi:10.1002/fft2.272

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Fang et al examined ginsenoside CK for cytotoxicity at various concentrations (0.2–10.0 μM). They observed that CK concentrations below 10 μM had no discernible impact on the survival rate of HaCaT keratinocyte cells [ 28 ]. The osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 was exposed to CK at various concentrations (0.1–10 μM) and did not exhibit any appreciable toxicity [ 8 ].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Safety and Toxicological Studies Of Ck And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Morshed,

Akter,

Karim

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Rare ginsenoside compound K (CK) is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development, as well as ginsenoside-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several bioconversion processes. Current research shows that CK has a wide range of pharmacological actions, including boosting osteogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, insulin resistance, and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties. Further research on the bioavailability and toxicology of CK can advance its medicinal application. The purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for future clinical studies and the development of CK as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the toxicology and pharmacology of CK are investigated as well in this review. The findings indicate that CK primarily modulates signaling pathways associated with AMPK, SIRT1, PPARs, WNTs, and NF-kB. It also demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect of CK on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and its complications, as well as osteoporosis. Additionally, the analogues of CK showed more bioavailability, less toxicity, and more efficacy against disease states. Enhancing bioavailability and regulating hazardous variables are crucial for its use in clinical trials.

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Section: Pharmacokinetics Safety and Toxicological Studies Of Ck And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Morshed,

Akter,

Karim

et al. 2024

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fang et al examined ginsenoside CK for cytotoxicity at various concentrations (0.2-10.0 µM). They observed that CK concentrations below 10 µM had no discernible impact on the survival rate of HaCaT keratinocyte cells [28]. The osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 was exposed to CK at various concentrations (0.1-10 µM) and did not exhibit any appreciable toxicity [8].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Safety and Toxicological Studies Of Ck And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Morshed,

Akter,

Mahmud

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Rare ginsenoside compound K (CK), is an intestinal microbial metabolite with a low natural abundance that is primarily produced by physicochemical processing, side chain modification, or metabolic transformation in the gut. Moreover, CK exhibits potent biological activity compared to primary ginsenosides, which has raised concerns in the field of ginseng research and development as well as ginsenosides-related dietary supplements and natural products. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are generally used as a substrate to generate CK via several bio-conversion processes. Current research shows that CK has a wide range of pharmacological actions including boosting osteogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties. Further research on the bioavailability and toxicology of CK can advance its medicinal application. The purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for future clinical studies and the development of CK as a therapy for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the toxicology and pharmacology of CK are investigated as well in this review. The findings indicate that CK primarily modulates signal-ing pathways associated with AMPK, SIRT1, PPARs, WNTs, and NF-kB. It also demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect of CK on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and its complications, as well as osteoporosis. Additionally, the analogues of CK showed more bioavailability, less toxicity, and more efficacy against disease states. Enhancing bioavailability and regulating hazardous variables are crucial for its use in clinical trials.

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“…Within traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng stands as a rare herb renowned for its exceptional properties. It is characterized by its remarkable therapeutic efficacy, gentle nature, minimal side effects, and high level of safety, endearing it to practitioners in healthcare and various other domains (Fang et al, 2023). Ginseng holds profound significance within traditional Chinese herbal medicine systems (Ren et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rh4 alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the CXCL9–CXCR3 axis

Yao,

Qu,

Deng

et al. 2024

Food Frontiers

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), often likened to a “tumor‐like disease,” proves more lethal than several malignancies. Although prior studies have demonstrated the lung‐protective efficacy of ginsenosides, the precise mechanism underlying their alleviative effect on IPF remains elusive. In this study, we validated the efficacy of the ginsenoside Rh4 in alleviating IPF and delved into the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that Rh4 intervention significantly reduced mortality and hydroxyproline (HYP) content in mice. It also alleviated the pathological process of IPF by ameliorating phenomena such as alveolar wall thickening induced by IPF. In addition, in vitro cellular experiments confirmed that ginsenoside Rh4 was effective in alleviating transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced IPF model. Further analysis showed that ginsenoside Rh4 significantly reduced collagen fiber production and deposition while inhibiting the coagulation cascade signaling pathway. In addition, ginsenoside Rh4 inhibited the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition(EMT) pathway by promoting the CXCR3‐CXCL9 axis, which ultimately alleviated IPF. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that ginsenoside Rh4 has the potential to be an innovative prophylactic drug against IPF.

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Ginsenoside CK inhibits androgenetic alopecia by regulating Wnt/β‐catenin and p53 signaling pathways in AGA mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases

Ginsenoside Rh4 alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the CXCL9–CXCR3 axis

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