Ginseng seed oil ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

BackgroundDespite the large number of studies on ginseng, pharmacological activities of ginseng seed oil (GSO) have not been established. GSO is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to exert a therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of GSO against NAFLD using in vitro and in vivo models.MethodsIn vitro lipid accumulation was induced by free fatty acid mixture in HepG2 cells and by 3 wk of high fat diet (HFD)-feeding in Sprague–Dawley rats prior to hepatocyte isolation. The effects of GSO against diet-induced hepatic steatosis were further examined in C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD for 12 wk.ResultsOil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride levels showed marked accumulation of lipid droplets in both HepG2 cells and rat hepatocytes, and these were attenuated by GSO treatment. In HFD-fed mice, GSO improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic insulin resistance. Increased hepatic lipid contents were observed in HFD-fed mice and it was lowered in GSO (500 mg/kg)-treated mice by 26.4% which was evident in histological analysis. Pathway analysis of hepatic global gene expression indicated that GSO increased the expression of genes associated with β-oxidation (Ppara, Ppargc1a, Sirt1, and Cpt1a) and decreased the expression of lipogenic genes (Srebf1 and Mlxipl), and these were confirmed with reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase-chain reaction.ConclusionThese findings suggest that GSO has a beneficial effect on NAFLD through the suppression of lipogenesis and stimulation of fatty acid degradation pathway.

Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide attenuates high‐sugar–induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae

“…Therefore, SFPS might exhibit a lipid‐lowering effect via inhibiting lipogenesis and increasing the breakdown of fatty acid via β‐oxidation in our in vitro model. The underlying mechanism by which SFPS elicited its lipid‐lowering effect is consistent with that demonstrated for ginseng seed oil, which can promote fatty acid breakdown via β‐oxidation in HepG2 and rat hepatocytes (Kim et al., 2018 ).…”

LncRNA MEG3 up-regulates SIRT6 by ubiquitinating EZH2 and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shenzhen TopBiotech Co., Ltd. HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model was established as described before [ 47 ]. Briefly, six-week-old male C57/BL6 mice were purchased Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co. (Shanghai, China) and acclimatized to the housing environment for one week.…”

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57bl/6 Models

“…Obese Treatment [22] 13.5% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content − 60% kcal fat content [23] 10% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content − 60% kcal fat content [24] 13.5% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content − 60% kcal fat content [25] 10% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content − 60% kcal fat content [26] 10% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content 10% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content [27] 10% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content 10% kcal from fat 60% kcal fat content [28] standard mice diet 60% kcal fat content − 60% kcal fat content…”