Ginseng reduces the micronuclei yield in lymphocytes after irradiation

Lee, Tung‐Kwang; Allison, Ron R.; O’Brien, Kevin F.; Khazanie, Prabhaker G.; Johnke, Roberta M.; Brown, Randy Sommer; Bloch, Richard; Tate, Matthew L; Dobbs, Larry; Kragel, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.10.002

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…No medicines or drugs were taken by all volunteers for at least six months prior to sampling and free from any diseases for more than 12 months. The treatment time in this experiment was similar with others [11,18,19] i.e. 24 hour before, immediately and 3 hours after irradiation.…”

Section: Blood Collection and Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Since the 1980's, the radioprotective effects of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) and its partially purified constituents have been documented in experimental models [3,18]. Ben-Hur and Fulder [3] demonstrated that in the presence of partially purified P. ginseng saponin mixture, Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts are significantly more resistant to subsequent -irradiation as determined by the ex vivo colony forming assay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, since unrepaired or misrepaired DNA damage in PBL may be responsible for micronuclei (MN) formation, Lee et al [18] recently assessed the effect of P. ginseng dried root crude water extract on the radiation-induced MN formation in human G 0 PBL ex vivo using the cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei assay and found that treatment with ginseng 24 h before 137 Cs exposure (2 Gy) resulted in a linear decline of MN yields as ginseng concentration increased). These findings suggest that the ginseng crude water extract may contain a potential radioprotective constituent with therapeutic value in dampening the damaging effects of ionizing radiation on normal tissues without exhibiting any negative effects on PBL.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radio Protective Effects of Ginseng Extract in Gamma-Rays Induced Chromosomal Damages of Human Lymphocyte

et al. 2011

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RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF GINSENG EXTRACT IN GAMMA-RAYS INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGES OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE.Ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng and subsequently referred as ginseng, posses various biological properties as an anticancer and antioxidant agent. Ginseng also approved effective against radiation effects through its immunomodulating actions in whole body irradiated mouse. But its protective effects on radiation induced DNA damage are not thoroughly investigated, mainly in human. This experiment aimed to assess the effects of ginseng at 2 working doses in suppressing radiation effects of human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) i.e. chromosome aberration and micronuclei yields. The treatment times were 24 hours before, subsequently (0 hour) or 3 hours after and irradiation with gamma rays at doses of 0.5 -2.0 Gy (dose rate of 3.16 Gy/min). Treated and untreated blood cultivation and metaphase spreading technique was done according to standard procedures. Results showed that without ginseng treatments, radiation significantly increased dicentrics and micronuclei frequencies. Different with the results in mouse study, however, our results indicated that none of the experimental concentrations of ginseng crude water extract tested had an effect on baseline chromosomal aberration and micronuclei (MN) yields in PBL. A protective effect was only seen in chromosome aberration yields of sample irradiated with 2.0 Gy and treated with ginseng 3 h post irradiation rather than 24 h pre-irradiation in one volunteer. Opposite results that ginseng suspected to be a weak radiosensitizer was found in some cases. This may be due to discrepancies exist in route of treatment and its fundamental mechanisms of protective action between both studies. Even though in general it was not effective, the possible mechanism involved in radioprotective influence of ginseng is discussed.

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Section: Blood Collection and Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radio Protective Effects of Ginseng Extract in Gamma-Rays Induced Chromosomal Damages of Human Lymphocyte

et al. 2011

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“…Total ginseng extracts or aqueous fractions of P. ginseng show antimutagenic effects that include a reduction in the frequency of radiation-induced DNA breaks in murine lymphocytes and protection against 137 Cs-induced micronuclei in human lymphocytes (Rhee et al, 1991;Kim et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2004). Ginseng-treated Swiss white mice show a significant reduction in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induced by benzo[a]pyrene (Panwar et al, 2005).…”

Section: Antigenotoxic Effects Of Panax Ginseng 949mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), a common plant in eastern Asia, is widely used in Chinese natural medicine (Lee et al, 2004;Yoshikawa et al, 2007). Panax ginseng is also being increasingly prescribed in Korea, Japan and Western countries for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases (Yun, 1996;Radad et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection by Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2008

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Panax ginseng is one of the most widely prescribed herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Since the use of alternative medicines in combination with conventional therapy may increase the risk of unwanted interactions, we investigated the possible genotoxicity of a water-soluble form of the dry root of P. ginseng (2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/mL) and its ability to protect against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX; 0.125 mg/mL) by using the Drosophila melanogaster wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) with standard and high-bioactivation crosses of flies. Panax ginseng was not genotoxic at the concentrations tested, whereas DOX-induced genotoxicity in marker-heterozygous flies resulted mainly from mitotic recombination. At low concentrations, P. ginseng had antirecombinogenic activity that was independent of the concentration of extract used. Recombination events may promote cancer, but little is known about the ability of P. ginseng to inhibit such recombination or modulate DNA repair mechanisms.

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Radio‐modifying potential of Saraca indica against ionizing radiation: an in vitro study using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells

Das

Kumar

Rao

2015

Cell Biology International

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This study demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of extracts prepared from stem bark of Saraca indica (SI) against X-rays induced cellular damage, which was evaluated by a battery of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptotic, and biochemical assays using Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79) cells. Cell viability and surviving fraction were increased significantly when V79 cells were preconditioned with optimal concentration of hydroalcoholic extract (HE; 50 μg/mL) of SI for 2 h prior exposure to X-rays. Radiation induced cellular damage was correlated with a significant elevation in intracellular ROS and increased mitochondrial depolarization and loss of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. However, cells preconditioned with 50 μg/mL of HE reversed this effect. Pretreatment of HE resulted in inhibition of radiation induced GSH, GST, SOD, catalase levels, and lipid peroxidation to that of radiation-alone treated group. Also, a significant decrease in radiation induced DNA damage, apoptotic and necrotic cell death was observed in case of cells preconditioned with HE. Supporting to this HPLC analysis indicated the presence of ellagic acid as one of the major phytochemical present in HE. Thus, the maintenance of cellular redox status by pretreatment with HE, conferred protection of cellular DNA, oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals generated by the cellular irradiation and resulted in increased in cell survival may be attributed to the presence of ellagic acid indicating SI's radioprotective potential.

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Ginseng reduces the micronuclei yield in lymphocytes after irradiation

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Radio Protective Effects of Ginseng Extract in Gamma-Rays Induced Chromosomal Damages of Human Lymphocyte

Radio Protective Effects of Ginseng Extract in Gamma-Rays Induced Chromosomal Damages of Human Lymphocyte

Protection by Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Radio‐modifying potential of Saraca indica against ionizing radiation: an in vitro study using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells

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