Radio‐modifying potential of Saraca indica against ionizing radiation: an in vitro study using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells

Abstract

This study demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of extracts prepared from stem bark of Saraca indica (SI) against X-rays induced cellular damage, which was evaluated by a battery of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptotic, and biochemical assays using Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79) cells. Cell viability and surviving fraction were increased significantly when V79 cells were preconditioned with optimal concentration of hydroalcoholic extract (HE; 50 μg/mL) of SI for 2 h prior exposure to X-rays. Radiation induced cellular damage was correlated with a significant elevation in intracellular ROS and increased mitochondrial depolarization and loss of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. However, cells preconditioned with 50 μg/mL of HE reversed this effect. Pretreatment of HE resulted in inhibition of radiation induced GSH, GST, SOD, catalase levels, and lipid peroxidation to that of radiation-alone treated group. Also, a significant decrease in radiation induced DNA damage, apoptotic and necrotic cell death was observed in case of cells preconditioned with HE. Supporting to this HPLC analysis indicated the presence of ellagic acid as one of the major phytochemical present in HE. Thus, the maintenance of cellular redox status by pretreatment with HE, conferred protection of cellular DNA, oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals generated by the cellular irradiation and resulted in increased in cell survival may be attributed to the presence of ellagic acid indicating SI's radioprotective potential.

Antioxidant activity of mycelia methanolic extracts of endophytic fungi BvFV and BvFIX isolated from leaves of Bauhinia variegata

“…When comparing with the literature, it is observed that both extracts are promising in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation since 50 µg/mL of hydroalcoholic extract produced from the bark of the stem of Saraca indica , which has antioxidant activity and the ability to reduce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by irradiation with X-rays, was able to reduce MDA concentration after X-rays exposure by 1,5-fold ( Das et al., 2015 ), and methanolic extracts of BvFV and BvFIX at the same concentration reduced MDA by approximately 4 and 2.5-fold, respectively, after induction of oxidative stress. A study by Perez et al., 2009, showed that the lifespan of mice lacking the sod1 gene was reduced compared to wild-type mice.…”

“…The BvFIX extract increased in SOD activity, which was dose-dependent compared to enzyme activity in cells that did not undergo oxidative stress ( Figure 6 ). When comparing results obtained with 50 µg/mL of hydroalcoholic extract produced from the bark of Saraca indica , which was able to increase SOD activity by 1.3-fold after exposure to X-rays ( Das et al., 2015 ), BvFIX metabolites can be considered promising in reducing premature skin aging, since the methanolic fraction of BvFIX extract at same concentration increased SOD activity by 3.6-fold after induction of oxidative stress. H 2 O 2 produced by SOD activity is broken down into water and oxygen by catalase ( Pérez et al., 2009 ; Kim, 2016 ).…”

“…High levels of oxidative stress can also lead to lipid peroxidation by forming malondialdehyde (MDA), among other products. MDA combined with ROS causes more cell damage by interacting with cellular components, including DNA, causing genotoxicity ( Pamplona, 2008 ; Das et al., 2015 ). The first step to protect against oxidation in the body is to eliminate the superoxide radical (O 2 · - ), a step performed by SOD, which converts O 2 · - into H 2 O 2 ( Panich et al., 2016 ; Zhang et al., 2016 ).…”

“…Many phytochemicals have been investigated and demonstrated photoprotective activity on the skin. Polyphenols are the most promising since they have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity ( Nichols and Katiyar, 2010 ; Das et al., 2015 ). In addition, they can absorb the entire wavelength spectrum of UVB radiation and part of the UVA spectrum ( Nichols and Katiyar, 2010 ; Lecci et al., 2021 ).…”