Ginger extract inhibits LPS induced macrophage activation and function

Abstract

BackgroundMacrophages play a dual role in host defence. They act as the first line of defence by mounting an inflammatory response to antigen exposure and also act as antigen presenting cells and initiate the adaptive immune response. They are also the primary infiltrating cells at the site of inflammation. Inhibition of macrophage activation is one of the possible approaches towards modulating inflammation. Both conventional and alternative approaches are being studied in this regard. Ginger, an herbal product with broad anti inflammatory actions, is used as an alternative medicine in a number of inflammatory conditions like rheumatic disorders. In the present study we examined the effect of ginger extract on macrophage activation in the presence of LPS stimulation.MethodsMurine peritoneal macrophages were stimulated by LPS in presence or absence of ginger extract and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were observed. We also studied the effect of ginger extract on the LPS induced expression of MHC II, B7.1, B7.2 and CD40 molecules. We also studied the antigen presenting function of ginger extract treated macrophages by primary mixed lymphocyte reaction.ResultsWe observed that ginger extract inhibited IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β (pro inflammatory cytokines) and RANTES, MCP-1 (pro inflammatory chemokines) production in LPS stimulated macrophages. Ginger extract also down regulated the expression of B7.1, B7.2 and MHC class II molecules. In addition ginger extract negatively affected the antigen presenting function of macrophages and we observed a significant reduction in T cell proliferation in response to allostimulation, when ginger extract treated macrophages were used as APCs. A significant decrease in IFN-γ and IL-2 production by T cells in response to allostimulation was also observed.ConclusionIn conclusion ginger extract inhibits macrophage activation and APC function and indirectly inhibits T cell activation.

Novel hormone-regulated genes in visceral adipose tissue: cloning and identification of proinflammatory cytokine-like mouse and human MEDA-7: implications for obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome

“…2g) supports an association with the chronic inflammatory state of adipose tissue and glucose intolerance in For-knockout mutants [22]. LPS-activated macrophages, which have been shown to increase proinflammatory cytokines [25] including Tnfα, Il-1β and Il-12, also promote Meda-7 expression. This also supported the proinflammatory phenotype of MEDA-7.…”

“…Thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were collected from 3-month-old wild-type mice [25]. PBS-washed cells resuspended in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS were plated (10 6 cells/well).…”

Repeated Oral Administration of a Squeezed Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extract Augmented the Serum Corticosterone Level and Had Anti-Inflammatory Properties

“…To determine the reason for the contradictory effects observed, we further extracted the squeezed ginger with ethanol, since most of the previous reports have been based on an ethanol extract. 5,8,9,13,18) Most of the ginger constituents were obtained as a precipitate when the squeezed ginger was extracted with ethanol. After volatilizing the ethanol in a centrifugal evaporator, the amount of precipitate obtained (the ethanol-insoluble fraction) was 98.5%, and that of the supernatant (the ethanol-soluble fraction) was 1.5% according to a gravimetric analysis.…”

“…5,8,9,13,18) We first investigated the in vitro effect of this extract on several inflammatory cytokines produced from a macrophage-like cell line which are regarded as markers of immunopotentiation. The production of TNF-, IL-6, and MCP-1 was augmented by adding the squeezed ginger extract (100-1000 mg/ml) to RAW 264 cells (Fig.…”

Efeito anti-inflamatório do gengibre e possível via de sinalização

“…Sua liberação ocorre quando a bactéria se multiplica ou quando é fagocitada e degradada pelas células de defesa (TUIN et al, 2006). Tripathi et al (2008), em um estudo utilizando cultura de macrófagos do peritônio de camundongos tratados com extrato de gengibre, observaram que o extrato diminuiu a ativação de macrófagos induzidos por LPS. Ele exerce um efeito inibitório sobre a produção de Interleucina 12 (IL -12), esta citocina estimula diretamente as células Natural Killers (NK) induzindo a produção de interferon gama (IFN-γ) que é importante para a ativação de macrófagos (MANETTI, et al, 1993).…”