Gigotá and Vitupue. At the dawn of Chiriguana history (1559-1564)

Speaking the Language of Friendship: Partnerships in the Political Construction of the Late Sixteenth‐Century South‐East Charcas Frontier

“…Historiography on the event has framed it as further evidence of the ‘state of constant war’ in the south‐east frontier (Barnadas, 1973: 48–49; García Recio, 1988: 103; Scholl, 2015: 356–362; Weaver Olson, 2017: 319–330). However, scholars have demonstrated that war was one of the many forms of engagement between Chiriguanaes factions and the Spanish villages and towns (Saignes, 1974; Pifarré, 1989; Julien, 1997, Combès, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2013; Oliveto, 2010; Saignes and Combes, 2007; Revilla Orías, 2013, 2020). This emphasis on war is owing to the fact that the knowledge built on the Chiriguanaes–Spanish relations largely comes from witness reports and, more importantly, from reports of merits or probanzas .…”