Gifted children: Their nature and nurture.

Giftedness as Property: Troubling Whiteness, Wealth, and Gifted Education in the US

“…(pp. 53-54) Hollingworth (1926) does question the presence of gifted children in the poorer, unprofessional classes, but not in a way that one might expect. Rather, that poor, gifted children exist at all is cited as evidence that environmental hypotheses concerning giftedness must be altogether false:…”

“…While Hollingworth differed from Terman in that she worked to dispel the belief in biological determinism associated with testing gaps between men and women, both purported that the low numbers of "ethnics" in gifted and talented programs was evidence that children of non-white, non-middle/upper-class descent are less intelligent by nature (McClymer et al, 2001). Hollingworth's (1926) argument is examplified in the following:…”

“…69-70) Moreover, Terman and Hollingworth also examined giftedness in relation to socioeconomic status. Hollingworth (1926) claimed that exceptional people are from "well-educated, well-to-do families" with professional fathers (p. 53) and "found in schools located in good residential sections" (p. 56):…”

Starting From the Beginning: On Building A School And Community-Based System Supporting The Gifted

“…The first class for gifted children was opened by Leta S. Hollingworth in New York in 1922 (e.g. Hollingworth, 1926Hollingworth, , 1942Stanley, 1990). Though accepting a teaching position in educational psychology at Columbia Teachers College in 1916 and holding that position for the rest of her life, Hollingworth served also as the principal of what had later become the New York School for Exceptional Children.…”

The History of Urban Gifted Education

“…Early research in gifted education was conducted in these urban sites, and our first longitudinal research on program effectiveness was carried out in New York on the Speyer School (Hollingworth, 1926) and in Cleveland on the Major Work Program (Barbe, 1953). Thus, the history of our field is inextricably linked to the work that went on in cities throughout most of this past century.…”