Gibberellins and flowering in long day plants, with special reference to Lolium temulentum

Evans, L. T.

doi:10.1071/pp98092

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…GA is known to enhance flowering in several plants (Zhang and Leung 2002;Brooking and Cohen 2002;Naor et al 2002). In long-day plants and in cold requiring plants, GA can partially or fully replace environmental signals required for flowering (Levy and Dean 1998;Evans 1999;Tran Than Van 1999). It is known that during the change from the vegetative to the flowering state, the growth correlations within the apical meristem of a shoot are changed, which leads to the loss of apical dominance (Sudhakaran et al 2006;Taylor and van Staden 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of GA3, sucrose and solid medium/bioreactor culture on in vitro flowering of Spathiphyllum and association of glutathione metabolism

Dewir

Chakrabarty

Ali

et al. 2007

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Hormonal control of flower induction and inflorescence development in vitro was investigated in Spathiphyllum. The effects of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and sucrose on inflorescence development were studied in plantlets regenerated in tissue culture. GA 3 was mandatory for the shift from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. The effect of sucrose concentration on inflorescence bud development was studied in plantlets cultured in MS medium supplemented with 10 mg l -1 GA 3 . Sucrose concentration at 3 or 6% induced inflorescence development in, respectively, 83-85% of the plantlets. The effect of GA 3 and sucrose on inflorescence differentiation and development were also recorded in liquid culture using air-lift bioreactor. The best response was found in the same medium which was standardized as an optimum for solid culture, but the results were better than solid culture. In order to study the relationship between glutathione (GSH) and flowering, we also measured the oxidized and reduced GSH content in leaves throughout the culture period on 2 weeks interval. The GSH accumulation was more after 4 weeks until 6 weeks in GA 3 treated plantlets. Similarly, glutathione reductase which is involved in the recycling of reduced GSH providing a constant intracellular level of GSH, was also higher in GA 3 treated plantlets. The transient increase in GSH contents also correlated with the changes in measured c-glutamylcysteine synthetase (c-ECS) activity over the same period. The antioxidant enzyme activity in GA 3 treated plantlets also suggests that the plants suffered increased oxidative stress during the period of GA 3 treatment which subsequently increases GSH synthesis through activation of c-ECS and this promotes flowering by increasing endogenous GSH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of GA3, sucrose and solid medium/bioreactor culture on in vitro flowering of Spathiphyllum and association of glutathione metabolism

Dewir

Chakrabarty

Ali

et al. 2007

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…L. temulentum is better suited for genetic and molecular genetic analyses than related grasses. L. temulentum is a diploid self-fertile species with a short life cycle (2-3 months) (Evans, 1958(Evans, , 1999. Furthermore L. temulentum has also been shown to be able to be out-crossed with other Lolium species, making it an ideal model system for forage and turf grass research (Thorogood and Hayward, 1992;Thomas et al, 1999;Yamada, 2001;Wang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cloning and characterization of a salt stress-inducible small GTPase gene from the model grass species Lolium temulentum

Dombrowski

Baldwin²,

Martin

2008

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…In plants there are at least 27 different gibberellins [gibberellic acid (GA)] and their derivatives (Evans 1999). Eight of these have been found to be endogenous in different parts of Lolium temulentum The role of GAs in flowering is species-specific and the effectiveness varies, GA 3 being the most effective in many species, including L. temulentum (Evans et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernalization, gibberellic acid and photo period are important signals of yield formation in timothy (Phleum pratense)

et al. 2014

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Timothy (Phleum pratense) is a widely grown perennial forage grass in the Nordic region. The canopy consists of three tiller types, of which the stem forming vegetative elongating (ELONG) tiller and generative (GEN) tillers contribute the most to dry matter yield. In this study, the regulation of tiller formation by vernalization, day length (DL) [12 h, short day length (SD); 16 h, long day length (LD)] and gibberellic acid (GA) was investigated in two timothy cultivars. Vernalization resulted in a shift of ELONG to GEN tillers. No vernalization was required for the development of ELONG tillers but SD strictly arrested stem elongation. Vernalization is an important regulator of tiller development but it seemed to be upstream regulated by DL. LD was essential for floral transition and could not be substituted by GA and/or vernalization treatments. Genotypic variation was found in the development of GEN tillers. The ability to produce GEN tillers was associated with significant upregulation of PpVRN3. PpVRN1 expression peaked at the time of vegetative/generative transition, and PpVRN3 after the transfer to LD, suggesting them to have similar functions with cereal vernalization genes. PpVRN1 alone was not sufficient to activate flowering, and upregulation of PpVRN3 possibly together with PpPpd1 was required. Although vernalization downregulated PpMADS10, this gene did not act as a clear flowering repressor. Our results show that flowering signals alter the tiller composition, so they have important effects on yield formation of timothy.

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Gibberellins and flowering in long day plants, with special reference to Lolium temulentum

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of GA3, sucrose and solid medium/bioreactor culture on in vitro flowering of Spathiphyllum and association of glutathione metabolism

Influence of GA3, sucrose and solid medium/bioreactor culture on in vitro flowering of Spathiphyllum and association of glutathione metabolism

Cloning and characterization of a salt stress-inducible small GTPase gene from the model grass species Lolium temulentum

Vernalization, gibberellic acid and photo period are important signals of yield formation in timothy (Phleum pratense)

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